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Filter by topic All topics '3P's 'Bird's beak', 'Pencil-tip' or 'Rat's tail' appearance is seen in 'Flea-bitten' kidney is seen in 'Gatekeeper' of the heart 'Hairy cell leukemia' is a neoplastic proliferation of 'Hand of benediction' (Making a fist) nerve involve 'Intrinsic factor of Castle causes 'Median claw' sign (Extending fingers/at rest) nerve involve 'P' wave represent 'Pacemaker' of the heart 'T' wave represent 'Trouble making a fist' (Closing the hand) nerve involve 'U' wave 'Ulnar claw' sign (Extending fingers/at rest) nerve involve "1P" "230. Tumor of pancreatic a-cells leading to overproduction of glucagon “First clinical sign” of Vitamin-A deficiency “First clinical symptom” of Vitamin-A deficiency “Kayser-Fleischer ring” is seen in "Smudge cells "in the peripheral smear are characteristic of “Soap bubble” appearance on x-ray <40 µg/24 hour) >2:1 (mature lung) 0-1month-6months 1.Hypovitaminosis occurs with 120, ntrinsic and extrinsic pathways converge at 128, Cell surface marks of macrophage 136, Common site of hematopoiesis in fetus is the 15 years old tall girl with mammary discharge, increased prolactin will show 174, Common sites for zollinger Ellison syndrome 176 Cold emolysin activates oplement system formation of 179 Hereditary spherocytosis is genetic intrinsic RBC's cell membrane defect which makes 18.Features of Hartnup syndrome 182, Treatment of syndrome of inappropriate anti-diureti hormone (SIADH) 188, Pheochromocytoma 1st order neuron which of following ascending tracts will terminate at clark's nucleus(C8,L1,L2). Answer 20 hand muscles 225, Most common cause of hyperthyroidism 235, 1P' 24-year-old female complains of discharge of blood from a single duct in her breast. The most appropriate treatment 267 Diagnostic test for gigantism, acromegaly and diabetes mellitus is 29). Episo lic hype.tension, palpitation, sweating is the feature of 3-year-old child + unilateral leucocoria 3:1 32, Which hormone inhibits hormone sensitive lipase 329, Laboratory finding in TP is 35. Blood brain barrier (BBB) is composed of 1 4.Vitamins involved in one-carbon metabolism 45-years old woman presents with a hard and mobile lump in the breast. First investigation is 45. Composition of CSF 46XY 5-year-old boy presents with hepatomegaly, hypoglycemia, and ketosis. The diagnosis is 5-year-old boy unilateral blindness tumor on CT with blue cells and which of the following gene involved 5.One-carbon metabolism leads to 50 years old female with normal living. What will happen post-menopausal 52." Waldenströms macroglobulinemia is associated with 56.- Chromosome translocation 88which is responsive to vitamin-A is 6-year-old girl treat development and vaginal spotting. On examination no hair development and ovarian mass. Diagnosis Abduction of arm Absence of menses Absorption of Bicarbonate Absorption of Bile salt Absorption of Calcium Absorption of Fat Absorption of Folic acid/folate Absorption of Iron/ferrous sulphate Absorption of sodium Absorption of Vitamin-B12 Absorption of Water Absorption of Water plus electrolytes Accommodation center Accommodation power of lens Acetyl.CoA cannot be converted to Acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) Increase the risk of bleeding in patient with Acid ceramidase deficiency causes Acid-fast bacilli, often resistant to multiple drugs Acromegaly Acromegaly is excess GH in adults and typically caused by ACTH-secreting pituitary adenoma Actinomycosis Activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) shows Activators of liver glycogen phosphorylase include Activators of muscle glycogen phosphorylase include Acute 1 adrenal insufficiency due to adrenal hemorrhage associated with which microbe Acute brain hemorrhage/stroke Acute congestive glaucoma Acute form (children) of ITP Acute gouty arthritis Acute leukemia Acute pericarditis Acute rheumatic fever ADA levels are decreased in ADA levels are increased in Adenosine deaminase (ADA) is necessary for the degradation of ADH and cytoxin is secreted by ADH and vasopressin orlginate in Adolescent female presents with palpable purpura Her hemogram suggested only anemia. Diagnosis is ADP to ATP conversion is inhibited by ADP to ATP transfer is inhibited by ADPKD (PKD1) is associated with chromosome Adrenal Cortex derived from Adult gonococcal conjunctivitis Adult lactic acidosis is due to Aerobic glycolysis produces After Bone marrow transplantation (BMT) interstitial pneumonitis occurs at After how many cycles of CPR there should be switching of doctors. Answer After load determine by After polio vaccine introduction After tooth extraction with oral/facial abscesses; Gram-positive organism with yellow sulfur granules Age <2 years has poor prognosis in Aid in spermiogenesis AIDS AIDS affects selectively by AIHA is which type of hypersensitivity reaction Albinism disease Albinism enzyme deficiency Albinism is caused by a deficiency in Albumin levels are indirect measures of Alcoholic patient deficiency Alcoholic with neurological issues Alcoholic with neurological problems Algar mortis Alkaline phosphatase Alkaptonuria enzyme deficiency Alkaptonuria is caused by a deficiency in Alkaptonuria is caused by a deficiency of Alkaptonuria, enzyme deficiency ALL has excellent response to ALL is associated with All language function is impaired called as ALL, Methotrexate is administered for Alpha cells in pancreas is responsible for the secretion of Alpha cells of pancreas Alpha helix structure is Alpha thalassemia minor Cis gene deletion seen in Alpha thalassemia minor Trans gene deletion is seen in Alpha thalassemia minor, there is deletion of Alpha thalassemia, there is deletion of Alpha-galactosidase deficiency results in Alport syndrome is associated with a defect in Amblyopia Amenorrhea during lactation is due to Amenorrhea during lactation. The cause is Amino acid responsible for the flexibility of proteins is Amino acid that can synthesize niacin (Vitamin B3) is Amino acid with a guanidino group is Amino acid with an imidazole ring is Amino acid with an imino group is Amino acid with an indole ring is Amino acid with maximum buffering capacity is Amino acid with maximum UV absorption (280 nm) is Amino acids necessary for purine synthesis Amino acids that cannot undergo transamination Include Amino group donor Aminocaproic acid is generally contraindicated in Amoeba causes lesions in which part of gut Amoebic liver abscess Amoebic liver disease Anaemia of chronic diseases Is seen in chronic inflammatory anemia is Anaerobic glycolysis produces Anaplastic carcinoma Anaplastic large cell lymphoma Anatomical snuff box pain Anemia after prolonged meat restriction Anemia, thrombocytopenia and acute kidney injury due to microthrombi on damaged endothelium Anesthesia in caesarean is Angioedema Anitschkow cells are found in Ankle jerk is by Answer Anterior pituitary is secreted mainly Anterior talofibular ligament is caused by due to Anterior vermis destruction cause Anti HBe Antibody will show Anti viral in the case of influenza virus Answer Anti-apoptotic gene Anti-diabetics drug of choice for obese patient is Anti-diuretic hormone (ADH, vasopressin), oxytocin is secreted by Anti-gonadotropin hormone released in dark is Anti-HBc Anti-body will show Antiandrogens which is used for the treatment of hirsutism Antibodies are produced by Antibodies for Drug-induced lupus erythematosus Antibodies involve in Drug-induced lupus erythematosus Antibody for Antiphospholipid syndrome Antibody for CREST syndrome Antibody for Lambert-Eaton syndrome Antibody for Myasthenia gravis Antibody for Pernicious anemia Antibody for Primary biliary cirrhosis Antibody is sensitive but not specific in rheumatoid arthritis Antibody present in cold agglutinin type Antibody present in Warm anti-body type and cold hemolysin type Anticipation refers to Anticoagulant Antidote for acetaminophen/paracetamol toxicity Antidote for alcohol poisoning Antidote for amatoxin Antidote for amphetamine Antidote for anticholinergic agents (Atropine) Antidote for antipsychotic-induced dystonia Antidote for arsenic Antidote for aspirin toxicity Antidote for benzodiazepine overdose (Diazepam, Lorazepam, Alprazolam) Antidote for beta-blocker poisoning Antidote for beta-blocker toxicity Antidote for botulism Antidote for calcium-channel blocker toxicity Antidote for calcium-channel blockers Antidote for carbon monoxide Antidote for carbon tetrachloride Antidote for caustics (acids, alkali) Antidote for cheese reaction Antidote for cobra snake-bite poisoning Antidote for colchicine Antidote for copper (e.g., Wilson's disease) Antidote for cyanide Antidote for cyclophosphamide Antidote for Datura Antidote for Dicoumarol poisoning Antidote for digoxin (digitalis) Antidote for dog bites Antidote for dopamine Antidote for drug-induced hyperthermia Antidote for ethylene glycol Antidote for fluoride ingestion Antidote for Gyromitra mushrooms Antidote for heparin Antidote for hydrofluoric acid Antidote for insulin Antidote for iron/ferric sulphate Antidote for isoniazid-induced peripheral neuropathy Antidote for isopropyl alcohol Antidote for lead Antidote for magnesium sulphate Antidote for mercury Antidote for methanol Antidote for methemoglobinemia Antidote for methotrexate Antidote for opioid overdose (Morphine, Pethidine, Tramadol) Antidote for organophosphate poisoning Antidote for oxalic acid Antidote for salicylates (aspirin) Antidote for serotonin syndrome Antidote for snake venom Antidote for stimulant toxicity (seizures, severe agitation) Antidote for sulfonylurea toxicity Antidote for theophylline, caffeine, metaproterenol Antidote for tricyclic antidepressants (Nortriptyline) Antidote for valproic acid toxicity Antidote for vincristine Antidote for warfarin Antioxidant vitamins Antioxidants vitamins is Aortic (osseoaponeurotic) opening is present at vertebral level Aortic dissection is Associated with Ape hand is caused by injury to Aphasia (non-fluent) after stroke or trauma which area of brain is involved Aphthous ulcer + Arthritis + Urethritis Aphthous ulceration Aplastic anemia Aplastic anemia in hereditary spherocytosis precipitated by Aplastic crisis is due to which agent Aplastic crisis is seen in sickle cell anemia caused by Apoptosis is induced by activation of Appearance seborrheic keratosis Appendicular Mass Area is responsible for comprehension of language as well as production of coherent language is Area postrema area postrema (vomiting center) present in M-oblongata Argyll Robertson pupil Aromatic amino acid with an -OH group is Aromatic amino acid with basic properties is Arsenic is used in treatment of Arsenic poisoning disrupts Artery damage during appendectomy Artery damage during cholecystectomy Artery damaged in fracture of surgical neck of humerus Asbestosis Aschoff nodules are seen in Asplenia what bodies are found Assessment of muscle injury by AST Asteroid bodies are seen in which condition At which week amniotic fluid start to decline.Answer Atelectasis thatoccurs d/t pneumothorax or pleural effusion Atkins diet is characterized as Atopic dermatitis Atopic triad Atrial systole Atrophy of the hypothenar eminence can be seen in Atrophy of the thenar eminence can be seen in Atropine ATT drugs like isoniazid can cause deficiency of Auscultation Auscultation of Aortic valve Auscultation of Mitral valve Auscultation of Pulmonary valve Auscultation of Tricuspid valve Auspitz sign Auto-splenectomy in children > 3 years is the feature of Autoantibodies directed against postsynaptic acetylcholine receptors (AchR) Autoimmune disorder of the neuromuscular junction (NMJ) Autoimmune disorder with antithyroid peroxidase and antithyroglobulin antibodies Autoimmune hemolytic anemia is seen in Autoimmune t.emolytic anemia is associated with malignancy of which lineage Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease(ADPKD) is Avascular necrosis of head of femur is due to damage to Avoid in phenylketonuria Axillary artery: Axillary nerve Axillary Nerve and Post Circumflex artery damage due to injury Axillary Nerve and Post Circumflex artery due to damage Axillary nerve is formed by B-lymphoma (B-cells lymphoma) of thyroid associated with Bacteria associated with hemorrhage, hamburgers and HUS Bacteria eater cell (Phagocytose bacteria) are known is Bacteria involved in corneal ulcers/keratitis in contact-lens wearers Bacteria with yellow sulfur granules Bacterial cells can synthesize Bacterial infective endocarditis Bagassosis is caused by Bambo spine occur in Bariatric surgery for weight loss Barrel Shape chest Barrel shape chest seen in Basal cell carcinoma Base of the iceberg Basic metabolic function of Insulin at cellular level is Basophils stippling s seen in BCL-2, when mutated, protects tumor cells from BCR-ABL fusion gene is detected by Beeding tendencies since birth, Haemarthrosis and muscle haematoma with prolong APTT, S/Factor_VIII is normal is Bell's palsy is due to injury of Bence Jones protein on urine electrophoresis is seen in Bence jones proteins are derivatives from Benedict's test detects reducing substances in Benefit of sickle cell trait is Benefits of pyramid Berksonian bias Berylliosis is caused by Best assay for deficiency of von willebrand factor is Best confirmatory and diagnostic investigation for breast cancer Best diagnostic aid in blunt trauma abdomen is Best diagnostic method for breast lump Best drug for chloroquine-resistant falciparum malaria Best indicator of iron stores is Best initial test for Thyroid dysfunction Best investigation to diagnose sleep apne Best investigation to differentiate scar from recurrence after mastectomy done for CA breast Best marker to diagnose thyroid related disorder Best method for prevention of infection by medical professional in a hospital setup Best method to deliver arms in Breech is Best prognostic factor in acute liver failure is Best prognostic type of Hodgkin's lymphoma is Best suture for Circumcision Best suture for Closing midline abdomen incision Best suture for Hernia surgery Best technique for detection of monosomy and trisomy is Best treatment for CML is Best way to dispose of hospital waste Beta cells of pancreas Beta thalassemia is due to which type of mutation Beta thalassemia minor Beta thalassemia, there is BH disease is seen with alpha thalassemia major there will be deletion of Bias Biceps jerk is by Bilateral red eyes Bile conjugation occurs in Biliary cholangiocarcinoma is caused by Biliary tract-cholangiocarcinoma is caused by Biotin is a coenzyme for Biotin is a coenzyme in Biotin-requiring enzymes Birbeck granules seen in Bite-cells, spherocytes and Heinz bodies on peripheral smear is seen In Bitemporal vision loss due to compression of optic chiasma, most commonly caused by Black Black pigment gallstones (made of calcium bilirubinate) is seen in Black, green, paste like or grumous nipple discharge is seen in Blackwater fever is caused by Blastocyst transporter Bleeding tendencies since birth, haemarthrosis and muscle haematoma with prolong APTT, serum factor VIII decrease Bleeding tendencies since birth, haemarthrosis and muscle haematoma with prolong APTT, serum factor VIII is normal Bleeding time (BT) shows Bloating with milk Blood antibodies are natural antibc sies synthesize in Blood brain barrier is formed by Blood glucose during fasting is maintained by Blood test is used for monitoring of diabetes mellitus is Blood vessels are made of Blood-stained nipple discharge is seen in Bloom syndrome defect Blue colour of the bruise is due to Boa's sign Body fluid compartment contain maximum percentage of total body water Body's most important response to shock Boiling temperature Bone growth caused by Bone marrow biopsy In ITP Boxer attitude is seen in Boxer's fracture is common fracture caused by Boxer's fracture is most commonly seen in the Brachial artery: Brachial plexus Brains use in starvation Breast cancer Breath of the dead is feature (Fetor hepaticus) of Brief reversible episode of neurologic dysfunction lasting fewer than 24 hours Broca's area is present in Bromocriptine causes Bronchiectasis is most common in Bronchogenic carcinoma is caused by Brown atrophy is due to accumulation of Bruise is easily formed on Brush burn (or Graze abrasion) is resembles a Bull neck is seen in Bullous pemphigoid blister location BUN Burkitt lymphoma is caused by Burkitt lymphoma is endemic form in Africa have which lesion Burkitt- lymphoma is due ta' activation of which activation?? And mention it's translocation Burning sole/feet syndrome is due to Burr cells seen in Burst abdomen most commonly occurs on the By percentage, glycogen is more in By weight, glycogen is more in Byssinosis is caused by Calcium level is decreased by Campylobacter jejuni is associated with Cancer cells derive nutrition from Cancer cells, anaerobic glycolysis always produces Cancer which can cause hypercalcemia Cancroid Candidiasis Caplan syndromes occur in Carcinoid synd ome Carcinoid tumor derived from Carcinoma bladder Carcinoma of breast Cardiac contractility will be affected -by which hormone the most Cardiac enzyme which is most sensitive Cardiac enzyme which is most specific Cardiac enzyme which is most specific after 6 hours of MI Cardiac output increases more in Cardiac systole Cardiac tamponade Cardio protective fatty acid Carpal tunnel syndrome Carrier of TCA is Case control study Case of obstructive Jaundice resulting in Cholestasis, raised enzymes Case scenario of chronic alcoholic patient Case scenario of ITP Case scenario of TTP Case scenario of VWD Caseating granuloma is seen in Caseous Granuloma is seen in Caseous necrosis Caspase is involved in Cataract cause in DM Cataract surgeries Cavernous sinus infection nerve involve CBD stones CCB's Cells involved in repair of neurons after injury Cells of epidermis Cells seen after 14 hours in the infarcted area in MI are Cells seen after 72 hours in the infarcted area in MI are Cells that is originated from stem .cells in the bone marrow, but mature in the thymus are Cells which are injured in Guillain-Barré syndrome Cells which are injured in multiple sclerosis Cells which is known as C-cells and produce calcitonin Cells which is responsible for the release of T3 & T4 is Cells with telomerase Cells-that is originated from stem cells in in the bone marrow and mature in marrow Cellulitis Central diabetes insipidus Central perforation is seen in Cerebral malaria is caused by Cerebroside in extraneural tissue contains Cerebroside in the CNS contains Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is made by Cerebrum and cerebellum are separated by Cervical cancer is caused by Cervical lymphadenitis in children is caused by CFTR encodes which channels Characteristic cells in granuloma Characteristic cells of Hodgkin's disease are Characteristic feature of CLL on peripheral smear Characteristic feature of Pseudomonas Characteristic features of papillary carcinoma is Characteristic pre-existing lesion in most of the patients in aortic dissection Characteristic skin rash in SLE check serum alpha-feto protein will be increased In except spina bifida occulta Cheilosis is caused by Chemical which is used to decrease surface-tension Chemotactic factors for neutrophils Chest x-ray (CXR) features of TB Chest x-ray finding of Asbestosis Chest x-ray finding of silicosis Chief cells of parathyroid Chief evertors of foot Chief invertors of foot Chief.cells of parathyroid is responsible for Child birth, oxytocin works by Child lactic acidosis is due to Child with throat pain/pharyngitis, grayish-white oral membrane and lymphadenopathy with bull's-neck appearance Child with thrombocytopenia and petechiae following a viral illness Chipmunk facies are seen in Chlamydia Choice for absence seizures Choice for ACE-inhibitor-induced cough (Enalapril, Captopril) Choice for acromegaly Choice for Actinomyces Choice for actinomycetoma Choice for acute bronchial asthma Choice for acute gout Choice for acute hyperkalemia Choice for acute left ventricular failure Choice for acute migraine Choice for acute myocardial infarction (acute MI) Choice for acute pulmonary edema Choice for acute severe ulcerative colitis Choice for air sickness Choice for allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis Choice for amoebiasis (Entamoeba histolytica) Choice for amoebic liver abscess Choice for anaerobic aspiration pneumonia Choice for anaphylactic shock/anaphylaxis Choice for androgenic alopecia Choice for Anterior uveitis Choice for anticoagulation in pregnancy Choice for arterial arrhythmia Choice for ascites due to liver cirrhosis Choice for aspergillosis (invasive) Choice for aspirin/NSAID-induced asthma Choice for atypical pneumonia Choice for AV nodal arrhythmias/AV nodal delay/AVNRT Choice for AV nodal delay/AV nodal arrhythmia Choice for bacterial meningitis Choice for bacterial vaginosis Choice for bed wetting (nocturnal enuresis) Choice for blastomycosis Choice for bradycardia Choice for Candida albicans/Candidiasis Choice for cardiac arrest Choice for cardiogenic shock Choice for cerebral edema Choice for cerebral malaria Choice for chemotherapy/radiation-induced vomiting Choice for chest pain with acute 'Q' wave for 6 hours Choice for cholera Choice for choriocarcinoma Choice for chronic gout Choice for chronic myeloid Leukemia (CML) is Choice for Clostridium difficile (pseudomembranous colitis) Choice for congenital adrenal hyperplasia Choice for congenital hypothyroidism (cretinism) Choice for COPD Choice for Crohn's disease Choice for cryptococcal meningitis Choice for Cryptococcal neoformans Choice for diabetes mellitus + hypertension Choice for diabetes mellitus in an obese patient Choice for diabetes mellitus in pregnancy/gestational DM Choice for diabetes-induced chronic renal disease Choice for diabetic gastroparesis Choice for diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) Choice for diabetic nephropathy Choice for diabetic neuropathy Choice for diabetic retinopathy Choice for digitalis-induced ventricular arrhythmias Choice for distributive shock Choice for drug-induced parkinsonism (Haloperidol) Choice for DVT in pregnancy Choice for DVT prophylaxis Choice for DVT prophylaxis in pregnancy Choice for dysfunctional uterine bleeding Choice for eclampsia Choice for ectopic pregnancy Choice for emergency contraception Choice for endometriosis Choice for enteric fever Choice for exercise-induced asthma Choice for fungal meningitis Choice for fungal sinusitis Choice for gas gangrene Choice for gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) Choice for generalized seizures Choice for GI bleed with CLD Choice for giardiasis (Giardia lamblia) Choice for gonorrhoea Choice for grand mal seizures (GTCS) Choice for Graves' disease Choice for H. pylori-associated peptic ulcers Choice for head nits/head lice Choice for heart failure Choice for hepatic encephalopathy Choice for hereditary Spherocytosis Choice for HSV/Shingles/Herpes Choice for hydrocephalus Choice for hyperglycemic coma Choice for hyperprolactinemia Choice for hypertensive emergencies in pregnancy Choice for hypoglycemia Choice for hypothyroidism Choice for hypothyroidism in pregnancy Choice for increased ICP/intracranial hypertension Choice for increased prolactin Choice for increased prolactin in infertile females Choice for induction of anesthesia Choice for induction of labour Choice for initiation of therapy in DVT Choice for insulin resistance Choice for insulin-resistance amenorrhea Choice for intrahepatic cholestasis in pregnancy Choice for leishmaniasis/Kala-azar (Leishmania spp.) Choice for Levodopa-induced vomiting Choice for Listeria meningitis Choice for maintenance therapy of cryptococcal meningitis Choice for maintenance therapy of ulcerative colitis Choice for making a patient euthyroid before surgery Choice for malaria in pregnancy Choice for malignant hyperthermia Choice for methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) Choice for migraine headache in pregnancy Choice for mild to moderate ulcerative colitis Choice for morning sickness Choice for motion sickness Choice for mountain sickness Choice for mucormycosis (Mucor species) Choice for myasthenia gravis Choice for myxedema coma Choice for nausea/vomiting in pregnancy Choice for Nocardia Choice for nodulocystic acne Choice for NSAID-induced peptic ulcers Choice for obsessive compulsive disorder Choice for osteoporosis Choice for ovulation induction Choice for pain in acute MI Choice for panic attack Choice for panic disorder Choice for Parkinson disease-induced vomiting Choice for paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia (PSVT) Choice for partial seizure Choice for penicillin-induced reaction Choice for peptic ulcer disease (stomach/duodenal ulcer) Choice for pernicious anemia after gastrectomy Choice for pheochromocytoma Choice for Pheochromocytoma Choice for Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia Choice for post-delivery uterine bleeding Choice for post-operative vomiting Choice for post-partum hemorrhage (PPH) Choice for pre-eclampsia Choice for pregnancy-induced hypertension Choice for premenstrual syndrome Choice for preoperative BP control in pheochromocytoma Choice for prevention of osteoporosis Choice for prevention of relapse Choice for Prinzmetal angina Choice for Prinzmetal's variant angina Choice for prophylaxis of PSVT Choice for prophylaxis of variceal bleeding Choice for pseudomonal pneumonia Choice for pulmonary anthrax (woolsorter's disease) Choice for pulmonary edema Choice for reducing somatic manifestations of hyperthyroidism Choice for resistant acne vulgaris Choice for Rheumatic fever Choice for scabies Choice for scabies in children Choice for scabies in pregnancy Choice for secretory diarrhea in carcinoid syndrome Choice for seizure in pregnancy (eclampsia) Choice for septic shock Choice for severe falciparum malaria Choice for shock due to adrenal insufficiency Choice for SIADH Choice for sporotrichosis (Sporothrix schenckii) Choice for stable angina pectoris Choice for status epilepticus Choice for steroid-induced osteoporosis Choice for Streptococcus agalactiae (Group B Streptococcus) Choice for subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) Choice for supraventricular tachycardia (SVT) Choice for symptomatic patient with bradycardia Choice for syphilis Choice for systemic fungal infection Choice for Taenia solium (pork worm) Choice for temporal arteritis (giant cell arteritis) Choice for thyroid ablation Choice for thyroid storm Choice for thyrotoxicosis/hyperthyroidism in pregnancy Choice for torsades de pointes (long QT syndrome) Choice for traveler's diarrhea Choice for Trichomonas vaginalis (vaginitis/trichomoniasis) Choice for trigeminal neuralgia Choice for tumor-induced brain edema Choice for type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) Choice for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) Choice for vaginal atrophy Choice for vancomycin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (VRSA) Choice for variceal bleeding (esophageal varices) Choice for ventricular arrhythmias/tachycardia Choice for Wolff-Parkinson-White (WPW) Choice for zollinger Ellison syndrome Choice for Zollinger-Ellison syndrome (gastrinoma) Choice in central (safe) perforation is Choice in Cytomegalo virus Answer Choice in hairy cell leukemia is Choice in intracranial ALL is Choice of Diabetic Retinopathy Cholelithiasis (Gallstones) Cholelithiasis risk reduction Cholera toxin (enterotoxin) causes Cholesteatoma Cholesteatoma is commonly caused by Cholesterol-enriched diet Chondrocytes changing into osteocytes Chondrocytes converting to osteoblasts Chorea is characteristic of Choriocarcinoma (gestational trophoblastic disease) Chromatids align at the equatorial plate during Chromosomal defect in Primary hemochromatosis Chromosomal translocation in Burkitt lymphoma Chromosomal translocation is seen in Ewing sarcoma Chromosome "involve n sickle cel anemia is Chromosome involved in Down syndrome is Chromosome involved in Edwards syndrome is Chromosome involved in Patau syndrome is Chromosome-11 Hb-AS gene is responsible for Chromosome-11 Hb-SS gene is responsible for Chromosomes involve in sickle cell anemia is Chronic backache + Uveitis occur in Chronic fcrm (adults) of ITP Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL) is disease of Chronicity rate of Hepatitis Class 3 antiarrhythmic Classic triad to diagnose Endometriosis Classification proposed by the International lymphoma Study.Group for non-Hodgkin's lymphoma is known as Clavicle Claw hand is caused by injury to Cleft lip is due to non-fusion of Cleft palate is repaired around Clinical features of TTP Clinical Triad of Dementia, ataxia and urinary incontinence is seen in CLL associated with CLL can transform into a more aggressive form of cancer- called Diffuse Large B cell lymphoma, in a process known as the CLL differs from SLL in having CLL First \|line is Fludarabine, for symptomatic patients CLL is associated with which autoimmune hemolytic anemia CLL is most common type of leukemia in adults, ratio Clopidogrel and tiopidine blocks Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea is most commonly caused by CML CN III palsy Coagulative necrosis is caused by Coagulative necrosis is seen in organs Coarctation of aorta is common in Coarse tremors or intention tremors are seen in lesion with Cobble stone appearance is seen in Coenzyme of homocysteine methyltransferase and methylmalonyl-CoA mutase Cohort study/longitudinal/forward-looking Cold agglutinin type Cold agglutinin type activates complement system formation of Cold sensation is carried by Collection of excessive fluid in the tunica vaginalis Colorectal cancer Colour of the bruise is Returns to normal Combination of coagulative and liquefactive necrosis Committed step of glycolysis is Common cause of macroangiopathic anemia is Common cause of sudden death first few hours after MI Common causes of death in multiple myeloma Common end product of pyrimidine metabolism is Common enzyme deficiency i humans Common enzyme for gluconeogenesis and glycolysis is Common enzyme in gluconeogenesis and glycolysis Common nerve involved in diabetic neuropathy Common site of hematopoiesis in fetus is the Common step in glycolysis and gluconeogenesis Commonest acute presentation of sickle cell anaemia Commonest benign bone tumour is Commonest cause of breech presentation is Commonest cause of deafness Commonest cause of gas gangrene Commonest chromosomal syndrome is Commonest complication of Breech presentation Commonest injury in blunt abdominal trauma is Commonest mode of inheritance of Von Willebrand's disease is Commonest position of the Appendix Commonest site for extranodal lymphoma is Commonest site of Endometriosis Commonest site of Intra peritoneal abscess Commonest site of lytic lesion, in multiple myeloma is the Commonest type of Anorectal abscess Commonest type of Hemophilia Compensation of shock what will decrease Complement mediated Hemolysis is seen in Complex polysaccharides absorbed as glucose with Complication commonly seen in type-1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) Compression of axilla, e.g., due to crutches or sleeping with arm over chair ('Saturday night palsy') Condition in which one or both testes fail to descend into the scrotum Confirmatory_test/Investigation of choice of G6PD deficiency Congenital cause of Sideroblastic anaemia is Congenital dacryostenosis Congenital etiology of aplastic anemia is Congenital glaucoma Congenital hypertrophic pyloric stenosis Constant source of DHA is Constitutional signs and symptoms Contact dermatitis Continuous data Continuous machine-like murmur is seen in Continuous mitosis in neoplastic cells due to Contraception rate in Pakistan Conversion of short-term memory into long term memory occurs in Conversion of testosterone to 17-beta estradiol in granulosa cells occurs by the influence Cooley's anemia Cornea has high refractive power Corneal reflex center Cotton wool spots are seen in Cramps, pain, paresthesias, carpopedal spasm is the features of Cramps, pain, partenthesis, carpopedal spasm is the features of Crampy abdominal pain with tenesmus and bloody mucoid stools (bacillary dysentery) Crescendo-decrescendo systolic ejection murmur seen in Crew haircut appearance in skull x-rays and Gandy gamma bodies are seen in Cristae and maculae is responsible for Cristae is for Crohn's disease Crude Birth Rate (CBR) of Pakistan Crude Death Rate of Pakistan Cryoprecipitate contain Cryptitis/crypt abscess, pseudopolyps are features of Cryptorchidism Crystal in Gout Crystals in Pseudogout CSF findings in tubercular (TB) meningitis CSF is reabsorbed into the venous system through the CSF present in ventricles and subarachnoid space is CSF production per hour is CSF rhinorrhea occurs due to fracture of CSF to plasma glucose ratio is CT features of pontine hemorrhage CT shows a Biconvex, lens-shaped/lemon shaped area with smooth borders that does not cross suture lines CT shows Biconcave, crescent-shaped area that crosses suture lines but does not cross the midline CT-Aortogram/MRI Cubital fossa Cubital tunnel Cullen's sign and Grey-Turner's sign is seen in Curative therapy for CLL is Curling ulcer Cushing ulcer Cushing's syndrome CXR Cyclin- D & IGH fusion gene is associated with Cystic fibrosis Cystic fibrosis impairs Dacryocystitis Daily production of CSF is Damage to scaphoid bone causes injury to Dancing carotid is seen in Dark blue/brown colour of the bruise is due to Dark-red currant-jelly sputum (blood/mucus) DDx of leukocoria (white reflex) DDx of red eye Dead end of glycolysis is Deamination of 5-methylcytosine results in Deamination of adenine forms Deamination of cytosine results in Decrease C-peptide levels indicate an absolute insulin deficiency Decrease ESR is seen in Decrease Estrogen receptors on myometrium Decrease HbA2 on Hb electrophoresis is seen in Decrease heptoglobin, Increase LDH, hemoglobinuria is seen in Decrease intake of vitamin-B3 (niacin) can lead to Decrease LAP score is seen in which blood malignancy Decrease Reabsorption of tryptophan causes Decrease secretions Decrease synthesis of factor 2, 7,9,10, protein C and S causes Decrease TSH (ll primary), Increase free T3 and T4 Decrease TSH, Increase T4 (or ↑T4) Decreased osmotic fragility is seen in Decreased RBC transketolase activity seen in Decreases in prolactin and TSH is the function of Decubitus ulcer/pressure ulcer Deep palmar arches: Deep venous thrombosis (DVT) Defect in renal glucosuria Deficient acid sphingomyelinase causes Deficient activity of acid β-glucosidase results in Degradation of branched-chain amino acids Delayed action of Insulin is Delta granules of platelets secrete Delusion Dementia Dementia is caused by Dendritic ulcer commonly seen in Dendritic ulcers are pathognomic of Depolarization of cell is maintained by Deposition results in cataract Dermatitis herpetiformis Dermatomyositis Detecting small para-aortic lymph node Detemir and glargine insulin DHE Androsteron Diabetes mellitus Diabetic patient with fever, cough and currant-jelly sputum Diagnosis of CA anal canal Diagnosis of CA esophagus Diagnosis of CA rectum Diagnostic and therapeutic/Treatment of choice for choledocholithiasis Diagnostic criteria for acute endocarditis Diagnostic of granuloma in tuberculosis Diagnostic stain of hairy cell leukemia is Diagnostic test for gigantism, acromegaly and diabetes mellitus Diagnostic test for vitamin-B1 deficiency is decrease Diagnostic test of beta Thalassemia is best established by Diarrhea, dementia, dermatitis and death as the features of Diastatic fracture refers to fracture through Diazoxide sideeffecc effect DIC DIC include DIC is common in DIC is stimulated by DIC what blood component should we give Difficulty climbing stairs, rising from seated position; loss of hip extension Dilated and fixed pupil is seen in which hemorrhage Dilated vesicles around lips that rupture quickly to form golden-yellow crusting Diphyllobothrium latum (Tap-worm) and Gastrectomy causes Diphyllobothrium latum and gastrectomy cause Diphyllobothrium latum causes Discoid lesions in SLE Discrete thyroid swellings Diuretics (hydrochlorothiazide) causes DKA most important complication of DNA is negatively charged due to DNA replication occurs in DOC for diabetes mellitus in pregnancy/Gestational diabetes mellitus DOC for diabetic nephropathy DOC for grave disease in pregnancy DOC for type-1 diabetes mellitus Doc in MRSA DOC in obese patient with type-2 diabetes mellitus DOC in thin, lean patient with type-2 diabetes mellitus Donath Landsteiner antibodies Donor graft rejection Dopamine has inhibitory effects on Dormant phase of malaria Double blind study Double-membrane organelle Down syndrome Down syndrome chromosomal change Down syndrome genotype doxycycline & tetracycline Dribbling of saliva is seen in a case of Drug that cures a disease Drug that delays mortality without curing a disease Drug used for childhood tumors Drug used for the reversal of muscle relaxation post operatively Drug used in breast cancer and is an Fendometrial antagonist Drug which is used in Hyperphosphatemia in CKD patients is Drugs against HBV = pneumonic Drugs causes G6PD deficiency anemia Drugs causing folic acid deficiency Drugs to be avoided in pregnancy Drugs which is strongly associated with the development of neural tube defects Dry eye + dry mouth + enlarged lacrimal glands Duchenne muscular dystrophy is caused by Dupuytren's contracture is the feature of During appendicectomy risk of damage During fasting blood glucose level is main by During herniotomy risk of damage During lact-tioa, amenorrhea occurs due to During lactation, ovulation is inhibited because of inhibition of GnRH by During last trimester erdometrium is sensitive to During parturition enhance myometrial activity is due to increase level of During pericardiocentesis needle is inserted into the pericardial cavity through the During pregnancy softening of uterus by which hormone Dynamic, fine/light touch, position sense is sensed by which sensory receptors Dys-erythropoiesis which resulting from inability to utilize iron for heme-synthesis Dyspnea on lying down Eardrop cell seen in Earliest lesion of atherosclerosis is Earliest side-effects of aspirin over-dose Early morning stiffness less than 30 minutes Early morning stiffness more than 30 minutes Early sign of diabetic nephropathy Ebola virus ECG changes in Acute pericarditis ECG changes in Atrial fibrillation ECG changes in Atrial flutter ECG changes in Cardiac tamponade ECG changes in Digoxin toxicity ECG ECG changes in Hypercalcemia ECG changes in Hyperkalemia ECG changes in Hypertrophy of ventricle ECG changes in Hypocalcemia ECG changes in Hypokalemia ECG changes in Hypomagnesemia ECG changes in Ischemia or recent MI ECG changes in Left atrial enlargement ECG changes in Massive pericarditis ECG changes in Myocardial infarction ECG changes in Nortriptyline (TCAs)/Amiodarone ECG changes in Old myocardial infarction ECG changes in Pulmonary embolism ECG changes in Right atrial enlargement ECG changes in Ventricular fibrillation Ectopic ACTH production is seen in Edema in liver cirrhosis is due to Eggshell calcification of hilar L.N, snowstorm appearance on CXR is seen in Eggshell cell calcification of hilar lymph nodes Ehlers-Danlos syndrome is associated with a defect in Eicosanoids are synthesized from Elective cholecystectomy is Electrolyte abnormality can occur after RCC transfusion Emergency disinfectant of water Emergency pneumothorax Emorrhagic cystitis is caused by End product of acid hydrolysis of glycogen is End product of carbohydrate digestion is End product of glucose metabolism is End product of protein metabolism is End product of purine and pyrimidine metabolism is End product of purine catabolism is End product of purine metabolism End product of purine metabolism in non-primate mammals is End product of purine metabolism is End product of the citric acid/Krebs cycle is End products of lipolysis are End products that inhibit Pyruvate Dehydrogenase (PDH) Complex are Endothelial cells. 2 Energy from fat Energy from protein Energy-releasing vitamins, coenzymes of dehydrogenase enterobius vermicularis. RX:bendazole(albendazole) Enzymatic fat necrosis Enzyme common for both glycogenesis and glycogenolysis is Enzyme common for glycogenesis and glycolysis is Enzyme common for glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis is Enzyme common to glycogenesis and glycogenolysis Enzyme deficiency causing diabetic cataract Enzyme deficiency causing hemolytic anemia with Heinz bodies Enzyme for glucose-1-phosphate to glucose-6-phosphate Enzyme of choice for diagnosing reinfarction in MI Enzyme of HMP shunt for hemolysis is Enzyme responsible for conversion of ribose to deoxyribose is Enzyme responsible for diabetic neuropathy Enzyme that stimulate kidney for production of calcitriol Enzyme transferring radicals Enzyme used in the treatment of ALL is Enzyme used in the treatment of gout is Enzyme used in the treatment of penicillin allergy is Enzyme used in the treatment of skin ulcers is Enzyme with maximum electrophoretic mobility is Enzyme with minimum electrophoretic mobility is Eosinophils Epidemiological triad Epiglotitis ,Cherry red spot and thumb print sign Epinephrine action is specific to Epinephrine acts on Episodic hypertension is the feature of Epithelioid granulomas are caused by Erb palsy ('waiter's tip') due to Traction or tear of upper trunk ERB's duchene paralysis Erson with B blood group 'B' what have on RBC surface and what in plasma Eruptive xanthomas are due to Increased Erysipelas Erythema multiforme Erythrocytes carry O2 to tissues and CO2 to Essential amino acid Essential component of glutathione peroxidase is Essential fatty acids Essential fatty acids are required for the synthesis of Essential fatty acids include Essential tremors are treated by Etiology of SAH Etiopathogenesis of hereditary spherocytosis is no encoding of Evaluation patients with abdominal trauma Example of type-1 HSR Example of Type-2 of Hypersensitivity reaction (HSR) Example of Type-3 of HSR Example of Type-4 of HSR Examples of caseous necrosis Examples of coagulative necrosis Examples of fibrinoid necrosis Examples of liquefactive necrosis Excess vitamin E causes Excessive amounts of prolactin , associated with Excessive raw egg white ingestion causes Exenatide and liraglutide are Exercise reduces Exercise will reduce Exposure to asbestos will increase the r/f which malignancy Extra-dural hematoma/Epidural hematoma Exudative pleural fluid Factor VII is produced by Failure or destruction of myeloid stem cells is the cause of Failure to abduct eye, Damage to which nerve Falciparum malaria is also known as Fall on outstretched hand causes fracture of Farmer's lung is caused by Fast pain is carried by Fastest conducting fibers in heart Fasting state glycogenolysis in liver (influence of glucagon) Fat deposition of breast is the function of which hormone Fat-soluble vitamins Fates of Acetyl CoA Fatty acid present in breast milk for CNS development is Fatty acid present in breast milk for growth is Fatty liver is seen in Fava beans causes Feature which are seen lin thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) are Fecal calprotectin Felty's syndrome Female present with breast pain, fever, erythema, point tenderness and fluctuant mass on palpation Female with hot flushes Female with IUD, lower abdominal pain, dyspareunia and vaginal discharge; organism with yellow sulfur granules Femoral sheath is formed by Ferric chloride test Fetal adrenal gland consist of which zones Fetal brain maturation Fetal erythropoiesis occurs in Bone marrow at Fetal erythropoiesis occurs in Liver at Fetal erythropoiesis occurs in Spleen at Fetal erythropoiesis occurs in Yolk sac at Fetal period starts after which week Fever, night sweats, weight loss, cough and hemoptysis Fever, productive cough with green-coloured sputum FFPs Fibrin breakdown In DIC Fibrinoid necrosis fibro-muscular dysplasia Fibroadenoma Finger couldn't reach sacral promontory First amino acid in protein synthesis in eukaryotes is First amino acid in protein synthesis in prokaryotes is First bone to ossify intrauterine life First contact system of a patient First heart sound (S1) is produced during First investigation for tissue sampling in suspected carcinoma of breast First investigation to be done in Biliary pathology First joint involved in osteoarthritis First joint involved in RA First line test for Cholelithiasis is First purine nucleotide to be formed is First pyrimidine nucleotide to be formed First response against acute inflammation in blood First response against acute inflammation in tissue First response of inflammation is Fistula Fixed splitting is seen in Flapping tremor (asterixis) is seen in hepatic encephalopathy due to Flesh(meat) colored umbilicated papules Answer Fluid of choice for Diarrhea Fluid of choice for Gastric outlet obstruction Fluid of choice for Hyponatremia Fluid of choice for Hypotensive patient Fluid of choice for Intestinal obstruction Fluid of choice for Intraoperative fluid management Fluid of choice for Peritonitis Fluid of choice for RTA/Accident Hemorrhage Fluid of choice for Shock Fluid of choice for Vomiting Fluid of choice in Cerebral edema and pulmonary edema Fluid of choice in Cerebral edema/Raised ICP Fluid of choice in diarrhea Fluid of choice in DKA, Brain injury and hypochloremic metabolic alkalosis Folate or vitamin B12 deficiency Folic acid and Vitamin B12 are called Folic acid can be stored in liver for up to Folic acid deficiency caused by Folic acid helps in Folic acid is Folic acid storage duration In liver Follicular carcinoma thyroid Follicular cells Foot drop is caused by damage to Forearm jerk is by Form of glutamate for synthesis for folic acid is absorbed in jejenum Found in bacteria Fourth heart sound (S4) is produced during Fracture of hook of hamate Fracture of medial malleolus lead to injury of Fracture of the hook of the hamate can cause ulnar nerve compression Fragile X syndrome and Klinefelter syndrome are caused by Fragmented RBCs (e.g., helmet cells) are known as Fragmented RBCs are seen in Framingham study Free nerve endings sense Free vitamin B12 binds to R binder. which is synthesized in Frequently affected proteins in Hereditary Spherocytosis Fructose and sorbitol in lens Fructose intolerance enzyme deficiency FSH acts on FSH is inhibited in males by Fuel for the adult heart is Fuel for the fetal heart is Full development and function of the seminiferous tubules require Function and development- of seminiferous tubule requires Function of microglia G cells G6PD defficiency anemia provide natural protection against G6PD deficiency G6PD deficiency anemia G6PD deficiency details G6PD deficiency manifests as Galactocerebrosidase deficiency causes Galactosemia cataract cause Gall stone pain referred to Shoulder pain Nerve root values Gangrene common in diabetic foot Gas gangrene Gas gangrene is caused by Gastrin-secreting tumor (gastrinoma) of pancreas or duodenum Gaucher's disease, glucocerebroside accumulates, leading to Gene for Wilson's disease is located on Gene loci are determined by General sensation from tips and lips is carried by Genotype of Turner syndrome Gestational diabetes mellitus (pregnancy induced DM) is Gfowth hormone level increase, which of the following will decrease GI tuberculosis (abdominal, intestinal) Giant cell arteritis (temporal arteritis) Gigantism Glanzman thrombosthenia defect in Glaucoma diagnosis Glucagon acts only on Glucagon secreted in response to Glucocerebroside Glucose transporter in myocyte stimulated by insulin is Glucose transporter in RBC Glucose transporters which are insulin-responsive, are Glucose-alanine cycle is known as Glucose-lactate cycle is known as GLUT-4 is present in Glycogen is released from the muscle due to increased cAMP from Glycogen phosphorylase BB Glycolysis Glycolysis is Glycolysis kinases activated by Glycosaminoglycan with no protein attached is Glycosaminoglycan with no sulfate is Glycosaminoglycan with the highest negative charge is Glycosaminoglycans (GAG) - which is an anticoagulant Gold standard definitive investigation for aortic dissection Gold standard for diagnosis Adenomyosis Gold standard for diagnosis Endometriosis Gold standard for diagnosis of acute appendicitis Gold standard investigation for Acute cholecystitis Gold standard investigation for Choledocholithiasis (stone in common bile duct) Gold standard investigation for Cholelithiasis (stone gallbladder) Gold standard investigation for screening of breast carcinoma in patients with breast implant Gold standard investigation in first 6 hour after MI Gold standard/Investigation of choice for Primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) Gold-standard test for malaria Golden period after trauma Golgi tendon organ is responsible for Golgi tendon organ present in Gonorrhea Good prognostic factors for ALL are Gorlin syndrome (basal cell nevus syndrome) Gram-negative organism, comma/S-shaped, oxidase-positive and grows at 42°C Gram-negative, comma-shaped (straight/curved), oxidase-positive organism that grows in alkaline media Gram-positive long branching filaments, anaerobe, non-acid-fast organism with yellow sulfur granules Graves' disease is the feature of Graze also known as Great saphenous vein graft taken from Green Greenhouse effect Greenish color discharge due to Ground glass appearance on CXR is seen in Ground glass hepatocyte is seen in which hepatitis is Growth hormone (somatotropin) & Prolactin (lactotropin) is secreted by Growth hormone decrease by Growth hormone secretion increases during Growth promoting gene is Growth rate of Pakistan Gum infiltration is seen in which leukemia Gummatous necrosis is a type of H2O2 is found in Half-life of vitamin B12 is Hallucination Haloperidol induced tremors should be treated with Hartnup disease caused by Hartnup syndrome caused by Hashimoto thyroiditis associated with Hashimoto thyroiditis associated with which malignancy HB binds in blood with Hb level at birth is HbH disease is characterized by deletion of HbS can carry oxygen like HCG main function Head of femur fracture Heart block associated with Syncope Heart block commonly seen in Lyme disease Heart sound in early diastole during rapid ventricular filling phase Heart sound is in Late diastole Heart sound is produced due to Aortic and pulmonary valve closure Heart sound is produced due to Mitral and tricuspid valve closure Heart sound occurs due to MI, ventricular hypertrophy Heart sound occurs due to volume overload Helmet cells seen in Helps in cell migration Hematopoietic vitamin Heme synthesis does not occur in Hemoglobin F is raised in Hemolysis in G6PD may be caused by Hemolytic anemia following oxidative stress Hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) Hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) are Hemophilia defect in which coagulation pathway Hemophilia Substitution of clotting factors Hemophilia-A is due to deficiency of Hemophilia-A is known as Hemophilia-B is due to deficiency of Hemophilia-B is known as Hemophilia-C is due to deficiency of Hemorrhage most commonly caused by systemic hypertension Hepatic stellate cells of the liver Hepatitis virus that causes chronic liver disease is Hepatocellular carcinoma Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) Hepatoma is associated with Hepatomegaly and bilateral lenticular opacities are not caused by a deficiency in Hepatosplenomegaly and pancytopenia with a 'crumpled tissue paper' appearance in bone marrow is due to accumulation of Herberden, Bouchard nodules, Osteophytes in Hereditary spherocytosis Hereditary spherocytosis is which type of Mendelian disorder Hernia containing Meckels diverticulum is termed as Hernia lateral to the rectus muscle at the level of the arcuate line Hernia that enters deep inguinal ring Hernia that protrudes through Hesselbach's triangle Hernia that traverses both deep and superficial rings Hernia with high risk of strangulation Herpes simplex is the earliestinfection to occur in Heterophile antibodies are which Ig antibodies HFA High plasma renin due to juxtaglomerular cell tumors seen in High-fiber diet reduces risk of Highest cholesterol content Highest content of alpha-linolenic acid is in Highest content of linoleic acid is in Highest content of medium-chain fatty acids is in Highest energy compound Highest protein content Highly phagocytic antigen-presenting cells (APCs) Hint: DR CUMA Hirschsprung's disease Histamine release lead to increased venous capacitance is the pathogenesis of Histiocytosis expresses which CC Histological feature HIV affects HIV diagnosis in adults HIV diagnosis in newborn HIV disease progression HIV screening HIV treatment monitoring HLA associated with HLA associated with rheumatoid arthritis HLA-B27 HMP pathway is absent in HMP shunt enzyme for hemolysis Hodgkin's lymphoma of the nodular subtype is associated with Holosystolic blowing murmur is seen in Homocysteinemia Homocysteinemia cause by deficiency of vitamin Homocysteinemia caused by deficiency of Homocystinuria enzyme deficiency Homocystinuria is caused by a deficiency of Honeycombing and tram line appearance on CXR is seen in Hormone act on anterior pituitary and lead to decrease release of Growth Hormone Hormone causing glycogenolysis in liver Hormone responsible for development of internal genitals in males is Hormone that Increase Myocontractility Hormone used for adjuvant therapy for depression Hormone which is anabolic on protein and catabolic on fats Hormone-sensitive lipase is inhibited by Hormones required to maintain lactation Hormones responsible for lactogenesis is Hot potato voice is known to occur in How many doses of antibiotic are given in clean and contaminated wound How to treat opthalmia in neonatrum cause by gonhorrea Howel-jolly bodies is the feature of venous-crisis seen in Howell-Jolly bodies are seen in Howell-Jolly bodies is the feature of venous-crisis seen in HSR seen in Cytopenia in SLE HSR seen in Lupus nephritis HSR seen in SLE Human cells cannot synthesize Human is an intermediate host of Humans, carbohydrates are stored as Humerus Hunger Is stimulated by Hydatid disease Hydrocephalus Most commonly due to obstruction of Hydrocephalus most commonly due to obstruction of Hydroxy urea and Bone marrow transplant is the treatment of Hyoid fracture is common in Hyperacusis Hypercoagulability, stasis and endothelial injury is Hyperdense (Whitish) area on CT brain Hyperglycemia and dermatitis is the features of Hypermetropia Hyperpolarization in action potential increase of Hyperresonant percussion note + Shifting of mediastinum towards normal side Hypersegmented neutrophils is the feature of Hypersensitivity reaction (HSR) seen in myasthenia gravis Hypersensitivity reaction (HSR) seen in tuberculin reaction Hypersensitivity type in tuberculin skin test (Mantoux test) Hypertension, bradycardia, and respiratory depression Hyperthyroidism Hypertriglyceridemia Hypertriglyceridemia enzyme deficiency Hyperuricemia and gout in glucose-6-phosphatase deficiency is due to Hypervitaminosis A leads to Hypervitaminosis occurs with Hypodense (Black) area on CT brain Hypoglycemia and triacylglyceridemia diagnosis Hypoglycemia Is the characteristic feature of Hypoglycemia, exercise and sleep require for stimulation of Hypokalemia can occur In the treatment of Hypothalamus inhibits the following hormone Hypothyroidism IDDM patient presents with septal perforation of nose with bromosis black discharge probable diagnosis is Ideal study design Ideal time of giving antibiotics pre-operatively If a body weight of a pt is 100kg, what will be his total body water, ECF and ICF? Formula If Amylopectins are increased, it indicates If factor IX is not available, what is next best choice If Finger reaches Sacral promontory If the limit dextrin's are increased , it indicates Illusion Imaging of choice for diagnosis of Crohn's disease Immature RBCs reflects erythroid proliferation Immediate compensatory response after hemorrhage/ hypovolemic shock/ cardiogenic shock Immediate effect o Insulin Immediate precursor of glucosamine Immunoglobulin which Crosses placenta Immunoglobulin which is Most abundant in plasma Immunoglobulin which is present in body secretion (urethral, vaginal & GI discharge) Impetigo Inability to comprehend language and produce coherent speech Inability to create new memories after the injury is Inability to produce words Inability to produce words or coherent speech; however, repetition is spared Inability to recall memories prior to the injury is Inability to repeat after hearing a sentence Inability to straighten knee when hip is flexed at 90 degrees is Inappropriate absciut polycythemia i associatedwith Incision over the eschar to relieve Tension Increase ACTH in Increase C-peptide levels may indicate insulin resistance and hyperinsulinemia Increase cardiac output initially Increase homocysteine but normal methylmalonic acid and hypersegmented neutrophils Increase in lymphocytes production and turnover is regulated by Increase in prolactin and TSH is the function of Increase risk of thrombotic skin necrosls with hemorrhage following administration of warfarin is due to deficiency of Increase SH (if rimary), Decrease free T3 and T4 Increase TSH, decrease T4 (or ↓T3) Increase TSH, decrease T4, and decrease free T4 & T3 uptake Increase WBC-count with left shift and increase leukocyte, alkaline phosphatase, all these is due to reaction Increased carbohydrate intake increases demand for Increased FDP, decreased PT and increased Antithrombin-III are the findings seen in Increased secretion of aldosterone from adrenal gland Increased TIBC, decreased serum ferritin is diagnostic of Indication for Orchidopexy Indication of Red Cell Concentrate Indication of Whole Blood Transfusion Infant Mortality Rate (IMR) of Pakistan Infant umbilical bleeding Infant umbilical bleeding cause Infectious Mononucleosis Infectious mononucleosis is caused by Infective endocarditis after dental procedures Infective endocarditis in the pt suffering from colon cancer cause by Inferior meatus open into Inferior wall Myocardial Infarction, which artery should be blocked Inflammatory response decrease by Inflammatory response decrease- by which Inguinal hernia most common on Inguino-scrotal lump with examination, Transilluminability positive Inheritance in Wilson's disease Inherited mixed platelet and coagulation disorder from deficiency in Inhibitors of liver glycogen phosphorylase include Inhibitors of muscle glycogen phosphorylase Include Inhibitors of pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) complex Initial DOC in newly diagnosed type-2 diabetes mellitus Initial investigation in Acute pancreatitis Initial investigation of choice for Acute cholecystitis Initial investigation of choice for Cholelithiasis (stone gallbladder) Initial test Initial test in Adenomyosis is Initial treatment in a management of trauma Initiation codon is Injection intragluteal is given with technique to avoid damage to Insulin dependent glucose uptake is by which cell Insulin increases by Insulin Increases the entry of glucose Into Insulin independent glucose up take is by Insulin independent glucose uptake is by Insulin needed for glucose transport in Insulin of- choice in the reatment of Diabetic ketoacidosis is Insulin on adipose tissue Insulin preparations which is Intermediate MOA is Insulin-dependent Insulin-dependent glucose transporters is Insulin-independent transporters GLUT-2 is present in Insulin-independent-transporters GLUT-1 is present in Insulin-insensitive g\` cose transport occurs in Insulin, hyperglycemia, and somatostatin Inhibit secretion of Internal environment of the body internal thoracic/mammary artery Intra-abdominal abscess/Splenic abscess/Lung abscess Intra-vascular hemolysis is seen In Intracranial space occupying lesion/brain tumor Intrafusal muscle fibre is present in Intrinsic factor from parietal cells is required for Inulin-like fructosans resist digestion in the GI.tract due to Investigation for melanoma Investigation for second MI after 1 week of previous MI Investigation of choice for acute endocarditis Investigation of choice for Acute pancreatitis Investigation of choice for Asbestosis Investigation of choice for CLL Investigation of choice for dengue Investigation of choice for diagnosis of breast cancer Investigation of choice for DIC Investigation of choice for Fistula in Ano Investigation of choice for G6PD Investigation of choice for hemochromatosis is Investigation of choice for Hemophilia-A Investigation of choice for Hemophilia-B Investigation of choice for Hemophilia-C Investigation of choice for Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection Investigation of choice for Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection Investigation of choice for high risk breast cancer in female Investigation of choice for myasthenia gravis Investigation of choice for osteoporosis Investigation of choice for screening of breast cancer Investigation of choice for sickle cell anemia is Investigation of choice for Silicosis Investigation of choice for Wilson's disease Investigation of choice in Adenomyosis Investigation of choice in endometriosis Investigation of choice of sarcoidosis is Investigation of choice to detect CSF rhinorrhea is Investigation of choice to study the Common bile duct (CBD) pathology Investigation of choice to study the physiology of Biliary system/Contraction of GB Investigation of choiu3 of Sideroblastic anemia Iodine containing hormone control Iodine-containing hormones that control the body's metabolic rate Ion channel linked receptor also known as ligand gated receptor present in Iron deficiency anemia strongly associated with Iron is stored in the form of Irreversible step in glycolysis Islet of langerhans most common in which area of pancreas Isolated rise in APTT is seen in Isoniazid therapy causes Isthmus of thyroid gland lies Isthmus of thyroid lies anterior to the ITP JAK2 mutatio Job syndrome is associated with increase of which IG Kaposi sarcoma is caused by Kawasaki disease Kehr's sign is seen in Ketogenesis occurs due to Ketogenic amino acid is Ketone bodies are the metabolic end product of Ketone bodies positive in King of bleeding disorder because there is consumption of platelets clotting factor and RBC's loss is Klumpke palsy (claw hand) due to Traction or tear of lower trunk Klumpke's paralysis Knee jerk is by Korsakoff syndrome Kussmaul's breathing (deep, labored, rapid breathing) is seen in Kussmaul's Sign (Elevated JVP during inspiration) is seen in Kwashiorkor Kwashlorkor Laboratory finding in CLL Laboratory finding of VWD Laboratory findings In G6PD deficiency Laboratory findings in ITP Laboratory findings of ITP Lactase deficiency presents with Lactate is recycled via Lactation causes suppression of GnRH by Lactation in pregnancy is inhibited by Lactic acidosis deficiency Lactic acidosis in thiamine deficiency is due to which enzyme dysfunction Lactogenesis Landmark of muscle used to pass CVP line Last the trimester, uterus is more sensitive to Late pregnancy uterus is most sensitive to Lateral epicondylitis (tennis elbow) Lead inhibits which two enzymes Lead poisoning in kids Leak or stricture of Bile duct after surgery Least blood flow per minute by which organ Least O2 consumption Lecitin Leptin Satiety hormone and produced by Leser Trelat sign Lesion of which nucleus of cerebellum will result in nystagmus.Answer Leydig cell tumor contains LH before ovulation Libman Sac Endocarditis Lichen planus Lichtenstein Life span of platelets is Life.of sickle cells Ligament that checks backward displacement of femur on tibia Likely to be cardiogenic Lipodystrophy is due to side effect of Lipoprotein abnormality in diabetes Lipoprotein lipase is activated by Lipoprotein richest in triglycerides Lipoprotein with highest cholesterol content Lipoprotein with highest protein content Liquefactive necrosis Lispro, Aspart and Glulisine insulin Little's Area Liver abscess (space occupying lesion) caused by Liver attached to ventral wall by which ligament Liver cell injury enzyme decrease Liver failure Liver glycogen depletion after fasting for Liver regenerate by which process Liver's biosynthetic function Livor-Mortis Livor-Mortis also called as Location of a gene on a chromosome is determined by Location of glucose-6-phosphatase is Lock jaw/trismus, muscle involved Long term BP control by Long term memories are stored in Long term memory is due to structural changes in Long thoracic nerve Longest glycosaminoglycan is Longest pre-erythrocytic phase Longitudinal ulcer Loss of ability to encode events of recent past in long term memory is due to damage Loss of accommodation where is the lesion Low dose aspirin Lower GI bleeding Lowest testosterone levels are present in Lumber puncture is usually between the Lung cancer keratin pearl appearance Lung cancer which can cause cavitation Lung carcinoma associated with non-smoking Lung carcinoma associated with smoking Luteinizing hormone acts on Luteinizing Hormone in males acts on Luteinizing Hormone produces Lying flat on their back, with passive flexion of neck, patient flexes knees is Lymph nodes: Lymphatic vessels: Lytic lesions on x-ray is seen in Maculae is for Madura foot/mycetoma is most commonly caused by Main anti-body in primary response Main anti-body in secondary response Main excitatory neurotransmitter in CNS Main regulator enzyme for Krebs cycle is Main regulatory enzyme of Krebs cycle Main source of NADPH is Main support of the uterus is Main transporter of ammonia in muscles is Main transporter of ammonia in the body is Main transporter of ammonia in the brain is Major artery to head of femur in adult Major cause of bloody diarrhea, especially in children Major contributor to gluconeogenesis Major glucose transporter of Brain Major glucose transporter of neurons Major in brain Major in neurons Major in placenta Major injury triad with lateral impact to knee Major regulator of insulin release Major source of acetyl-CoA is Major source of arginine in the body is Major type of collagen in the basement membrane is Majority of circulating lymphocytes are Malar rash in SLE Malaria enters the human body as Male internal genital structure typically develops from Malignancy of myeloblast is Malignant tumor that has almost no metastatic potential Mantoux test Maple syrup urine disease (MSUD) is caused by a deficiency in Maple syrup urine disease is due to a deficiency in Marasmus Marfan syndrome defect Marginal perforation is seen in Marjolin's Ulcer Marker for B1 deficiency is Marker for B2 deficiency is Marker of Hepatitis B infection in the window period is Married man with azoospermia. Investigation of choice Mass below and lateral to the pubic tubercle is indicative of a Mass palpated as a soft, squishy mass that resembles a 'bag of worms' when the patient is standing Massive blood transfusion causes Master of iron regulatory hormone Maternal Mortality Rate (MMR) Maxillary sinus opens into Maximum blood flow per 100 grams of tissue Maximum blood flow per minute by which organ Maximum ESR is seen in Maximum feedback gain is via Maximum O2 consumption per 100 gram of tissue Maximum source of linoleic acid is Maximum substances synthesized from McArdle's syndrome enzyme defect MDR TB Mean arterial pressure (MAP) below 100 activates Mean arterial pressure (MAP) below 60 activates Mechanism of action of ACE inhibitors Mechanism of action of Actinomycin D/Dactinomycin Mechanism of action of Allopurinol Mechanism of action of Alpha-Methyldopa Mechanism of action of antipsychotics Mechanism of action of Bromocriptine and Levodopa Mechanism of action of Carbidopa Mechanism of action of Cephalosporins (Cephalexin, Ceftriaxone) Mechanism of action of Chloramphenicol Mechanism of action of Ciprofloxacin (fluoroquinolones) Mechanism of action of Clindamycin Mechanism of action of Clomiphene citrate Mechanism of action of Colchicine Mechanism of action of Dicyclomine Mechanism of action of Dobutamine Mechanism of action of Dopamine Mechanism of action of Ethambutol Mechanism of action of Finasteride Mechanism of action of Gentamicin, Streptomycin (aminoglycosides) Mechanism of action of Glucagon Mechanism of action of Hydralazine Mechanism of action of ionotropic agent Mechanism of action of Isoniazid Mechanism of action of Itraconazole Mechanism of action of Ketotifen Mechanism of action of Labetalol Mechanism of action of Linezolid Mechanism of action of Lugol's iodine Mechanism of action of Macrolides (Clarithromycin) Mechanism of action of Methotrexate Mechanism of action of Neostigmine, Pyridostigmine Mechanism of action of Nitrates (Nitroglycerin) Mechanism of action of Ondansetron Mechanism of action of organophosphate poisoning Mechanism of action of Penicillin Mechanism of action of PPIs Mechanism of action of Rifampicin/Rifampin Mechanism of action of Salicylic acid and Aspirin Mechanism of action of Sodium cromoglycate Mechanism of action of Statins (Atorvastatin, Simvastatin) Mechanism of action of Steroids Mechanism of action of Sulfonamides Mechanism of action of Terbinafine Mechanism of action of Tetracyclines Mechanism of action of Thalidomide (Carbimazole, Propylthiouracil) Mechanism of action of Theophylline Mechanism of action of Vancomycin Mechanism of action of Verapamil Mechanism of action of Zafirlukast/Montelukast Mechanism of the development of Acute Rheumatic Fever Medial epicondylitis (golfer's elbow) Median nerve Median nerve is formed by Medulla derived from Medullary carcinoma is Medullary carcinoma is para-follicular cell tumor which produces high level of Medullary carcinoma thyroid Medullary thyroid carcinoma Megaloblastic anemia due to folic acid deficiency is commonly due to Megaloblastic anemia fin blind loop syndrome is due to Megaloblastic anemia should be treated with Melanin is synthesized by Melatonin is synthesized by Memory center is located in Memory centre is located in Menopause Mesothelioma is associated with Metabolic action of thyroid hormone at normal physiological evels Metabolic fuel by brain during long-term starvation, typically after 3 days Metabolic fuel during short-term starvation, typically within the first 1-3 days Metabolic fuel of Brain Metabolic fuel of Heart Metacarpal neck fracture also called as Metastases to bone or liver Methionine is a Methionine is the first amino acid in Methotrexate oxicity is reversibled by which drug Methylation of uracil forms Mgx Microangiopathic Hemolytic anemia is seen in Microcytic anemia causes Microglia is originated from Microscopic feature of TB Middle meatus open in Mild hemophilia-A Milk bloating due to Milky plasma is due to Increased Minimal change disease Minoxidil side effect Mode of inheritance of G6PD deficiency Mode of inheritance of hemophilia Mode of inheritance of Hereditary Spherocytosis Mode of inheritance of Willebrand's disease (VWD) Mode of transmission of TB Modified Bassini Modified ependymal cells known as the choroid plexus produce Molluscum contagiosum Monday fever associated with Monitoring of Diabetes mellitus Monitoring of Heparin (Extrinsic pathway) Monitoring of Warfarin (Intrinsic pathway) Monocytes function of granulation tissue in wound healing by second intention is Monounsaturated fatty acid cardioprotective More rapid but less sensitive test for malaria Most abundant Most abundant free nucleotide ion in mammalian cells is Most abundant glial cells Most abundant glial cells in gray matter Most abundant Glucose transporter in RBC Most abundant protein in the basement membrane is Most abundant type of collagen is Most accurate diagnostic test for Crohn's disease Most accurate diagnostic test for ulcerative colitis Most accurate diagnostic test for valvular heart diseases Most aggressive lung carcinoma Most and specific antibody in rheumatoid arthritis Most characteristic sign of inflammatory breast cancer Most colon cancers arise from Most common Most common abnormal site of thyroid tissue formation Most common acyanotic heart disease Most common adult NHL Most common ankle sprain overall Most common blood transfusion reaction is Most common causative organism of breast abscess Most common cause of abscess formation Most common cause of acute endocarditis (not damage valve) Most common cause of acute infective endocarditis Most common cause of acute intestinal obstruction in children (under 3 years of age) is Most common cause of acute pancreatitis in Pakistan Most common cause of acute Supporative otitis media Most common cause of anemia in malignancy Most common cause of Anthracosis (wool-sorter's disease) Most common cause of aortic dissection Most common cause of aplastic anemia is Most common cause of bacillary dysentery (shigellosis) Most common cause of bacterial pharyngites Most common cause of bacterial vaginosis Most common cause of bleed during thyroidectomy Most common cause of Blood-stained discharge Most common cause of Botulism Most common cause of bronchiectasis in Pakistan/developing countries/third world countries Most common cause of bronchiectasis in west Most common cause of chancroid (STI, painful genital ulcer) Most common cause of cholera (profuse rice-water diarrhea) Most common cause of cirrhosis in Pakistan is Most common cause of cirrhosis in western countries is Most common cause of Corynebacterium acne Most common cause of Corynebacterium diphtheriae Most common cause of CSF rhinorrhea is Most common cause of death aortic dissection Most common cause of death in Duchenne muscular dystrophy Most common cause of dental caries Most common cause of diarrhea in children Most common cause of duodenal/gastric ulcer Most common cause of endocarditis in IV drug abuser Most common cause of enteric fever Most common cause of epiglottitis Most common cause of fatty liver in our population Most common cause of Fatty liver in Pakistan Most common cause of Fatty liver in worldwide Most common cause of Gas gangrene Most common cause of Gas gangrene of lower limb Most common cause of gastric adenocarcinoma Most common cause of gastric MALT lymphoma Most common cause of global blindness Most common cause of Greenish discharge Most common cause of HCC is Most common cause of hemolytic-uremic syndrome (HUS) Most common cause of Hemorrhagic stroke Most common cause of hyperthyroidism Most common cause of Hypothyroidism Most common cause of hypothyroidism in iodine- sufficient regions Most common cause of impetigo Most common cause of infection in ascitic tap Most common cause of infection in VP shunt Most common cause of infective carditis in IV drug abusers is Most common cause of infective endocarditis in patients with colon CA Most common cause of infective endocarditis of prosthetic valve Most common cause of intracranial bleed Most common cause of intussusception in Adults is Most common cause of intussusception in Children is Most common cause of Ischemic stroke Most common cause of large bowel/colon obstruction Most common cause of Legionnaire's disease (pneumonia) Most common cause of Leprosy (Hansen disease) Most common cause of lung abscess Most common cause of Lyme disease (Ixodes deer tick) Most common cause of macrocytosis Most common cause of Madura foot Most common cause of meningitis in Adults Most common cause of osteomyelitis Most common cause of osteomyelitis are Most common cause of osteomyelitis in sickle-cell anemia Most common cause of otitis externa is Most common cause of otitis media (especially in children) Most common cause of Paralytic ileus causing obstruction Most common cause of pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) Most common cause of peritonitis Most common cause of pertussis (whooping cough = 100-day fever) Most common cause of PID with intrauterine device (IUD) Most common cause of plague Most common cause of Portal hypertension Most common cause of post-operative abdominal and gynecological infection Most common cause of Postmenopausal bleeding Most common cause of Postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) Most common cause of preventable blindness Most common cause of primary hyperparathyroidism Most common cause of prosthetic valve endocarditis Most common cause of Pseudomembranous colitis Most common cause of puerperal sepsis Most common cause of pulmonary nocardiosis Most common cause of pyogenic peritonitis Most common cause of qualitative platelet defect Most common cause of RHF Most common cause of Rocky Mountain spotted fever (dog tick) Most common cause of Scrub typhus (mite) Most common cause of secondary dysmenorrhea Most common cause of septic arthritis Most common cause of septic arthritis and osteomyelitis in the pt of sickled cell anemia is Most common cause of septic arthritis if there is history of unprotected sexual intercourse Most common cause of small intestine obstruction in adults Most common cause of splenic rupture is Most common cause of sub-acute endocarditis (already damage valve) Most common cause of subacute infective endocarditis Most common cause of sudden heart failure in athletes and teenagers Most common cause of Syphilis Most common cause of Tetanus Most common cause of Thyroiditis is Most common cause of toxic shock syndrome Most common cause of traveler's diarrhea (watery) Most common cause of true aneurysm in aorta Most common cause of Tuberculosis Most common cause of typical community acquired lobar pneumonia is Most common cause of undulant fever (brucellosis) Most common cause of unilateral corneal scarring Most common cause of UTI Most common cause of UTI in sexual active female Most common cause of UTI in sexually active patients Most common cause of UTi is Most common cause of vitamin D deficiency Most common cause of Weil's disease/Leptospirosis Most common cause of wound infection Most common central vessel affected in aneurysm Most common chance of cord prolapse Most common childhood leukemia Most common childhood malignancy is Most common CNS complication after sarcoidosis Most common colorectal polyp Most common complication of Amoebic liver abscess Most common complication of Hydatid cyst liver Most common complication of measles Answer Most common congenital anomaly of the male genital tract Most common coronary artery involved in atherosclerosis Most common cyanotic heart disease Most common cyanotic heart disease at Birth Most common ectopic thyroid tissue site Is the Most common Ehlers-Danlos syndrome is Most common extracranial complication of CSOM Most common fetal malpresentation Most common fracture due to fall on outstretched hand in adolescent Most common fracture due to fall on outstretched hand in children Most common fracture due to fall on outstretched hand in elderly Most common fracture during childhood Most common fracture during childhood around elbow Most common fractured bone Most common gammopathy Most common gene responsible for hereditary hemochromatosis is Most common glial cell type in CNS is Most common glycogen storage disease is Most common GSD in adolescents/adults Most common heart valve involve in IV drug abuser endocarditis Most common hepatitis in Pregnancy Most common hepatitis which spreads via blood transfusion is Most common hernia in Children Most common hernia in Elderly Most common high ankle sprain Most common histology of Thyroid adenoma Is Most common human enzyme deficiency is Most common immunological disorder in women of child bearing age Most common indication for elective splenectomy Most common indication for splenectomy Most common Inguinal hernia in children Most common inherited bleeding disorder Most common Intracranial complication of CSOM Most common intraocular malignancy in children Most common leukemia in adults Most Common location of Duodenal Ulcer Most common location of gastric ulcer Most common location of thyroglosal cyst in the region Most common long bone fracture in the body Most common lysosomal storage disease is Most common lysosomal storage disorder is Most common malignancy in adults is Most common malignancy of lung is Most common malignant bone tumor Most common mode of death in strangulation is Most common mutations in Beta thalassemia Involves Most common neoplastic polyp is Most common nerve affected in Acoustic neuroma Most common nerve affected in Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) Most common nerve compressed with herniated intervertebral disc Most common nerve injured during thyroidectomy Most common nerve injured during tracheostomy Most common nerve injured in Laparoscopic hernia repair Most common nerve involved in CSOM Most common ocular lymphoma is Most common ocular problem is Most common of bloody diarrhea in children Most common of meningitis in neonates Answer Most common of sepsis in neonates Answer Most common of sub acute infective endocarditis Most common of the less virulent species causing milder disease Most common organ affected in in blast injury Most common organism causing malignant otitis externa Most common organism in bronchiectasis Most common peripheral vessel affected in aneurysm Most common polymorphism is Most common porphyria is Most common presentation in Endometriosis Most Common Presentation of Bile duct Cancer is Most common presentation of Endemic goiter Most common presentation of Hyperprolactinemia Most common primary for bone metastases Most common serotype of enterohemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC) Most common side effect of insulin is Most common side for indirect inguinal hernia Most common site for epistaxis in children and young adult Most common site of Amebic colitis Most common site of Anal fissure Most common site of atherosclerosis Most common site of atherosclerotic aneurysm in body Most common site of BPH Most common site of Cancer stomach Most common site of carcinoid Most common site of clavicle bone fracture Most common site of colon obstruction Most common site of Crohn's disease Most common site of Diverticulae/Diverticulosis Most common site of Duodenal ulcer Most common site of Ectopic in fallopian tube Most common site of Ectopic pregnancy Most common site of Fertilization in humans is Most common site of Gallstone ileus Most common site of Gastric ulcer Most common site of Lymphoma Most common site of Morgagni hernia is Most common site of osteosarcoma is Most common site of Pressure ulcer (Bed sores) Most common site of Prostatic carcinoma Most common site of rib fracture Most common site of Tuberculous ulcer Most common site of Typhoid ulcer Most common site of Ulcerative colitis Most common site of Volvulus Most common source of vitamin K Most common tumor of the adrenal medulla in adults Most common tumor of the adrenal medulla in children Most common type of ALL is Most common type of cardiomyopathy Most common type of Colorectal hamartoma Most common type of elbow dislocation is Most common type of emphysema clinically Most common type of Episiotomy Most common type of fistula is Most common type of hernia Most common type of hernia female Most common type of hiatus hernia Most common type of Hodgkin's lymphoma is Most common type of kidney stone Most common type of lung cancer Most common type of lung cancer in female smokers Most common type of lung cancer overall Most common type of necrosis Most common type of pelvic inlet in females Most common type of Prostatic carcinoma Most common urea cycle defect Most common urea cycle defect is Most common viridans streptococcus causing endocarditis Most common visceral vessel affected in aneurysm Most commonest type of hemophilia Most commonly affected organ in LVF Most commonly herniated intervertebral disc Most commonly injured ankle ligament Most commonly torn tendon of rotator cuff Most dangerous (Lethal) hepatitis in pregnancy is Most earliest symptom of Vitamin-A deficiency Most essential fatty acid is Most favorable pelvis for delivery Most glucogenic amino acid is Most important source of energy for the cardiac myocytes is the Most malignant gammopathy Most mallgnant form of NHL is Most sensitive antibody for SLE Most sensitive as well as specific for MI Most sensitive blood cells to radiation exposure are Most sensitive screen for DIC Most sensitive test/enzyme raised in Acute pancreatitis Most severe type of Ehlers-Danlos syndrome is Most specific antibody for Rheumatoid arthritis Most specific antibody for SLE Most specific antibody in rheumatoid arthritis Most specific initial test for Myasthenia Gravis Most specific test for Infectious mononucleosis Most specific test/enzyme raised in Acute pancreatitis Most strong antioxidant Most toxic vitamins are Most virulent Plasmodium species causing the most severe disease Most widely used method for glucose estimation is Most_common pathogen transmitted by transfusion Motility of sperms begin at MRI MRI for screening of breast cancer Multiple mutations are detected by Multiple myeloma is a neoplasm of which cell Munro microabscess Murphy's sign is seen in Muscle affected with “foot slap” Muscle of facial expression Muscle of forceful expiration Muscle of inspiration Muscle of mastication Muscle of quiet inspiration Muscle spindle organ acts as/for Muscle spindle organ is present in Muscle that extends leg Muscle that prevents pelvis from tilting when walking Muscle that unlocks knee joint Muscle-spindle organ is act as/for Muscles involved Muscles of extensor compartment Muscles of extensor compartment of forearm Muscles of flexor compartment of arm Muscles of flexor compartment of forearm Muscles of hand Musculo-cutaneous nerve Mutation caused by insertions/deletions Mutation in Sickle cell anemia is due to Myasthenia gravis Myasthenia Gravis is associated with Myelinates axons of neurons in CNS Myelodysplastic Syndrome (MDS) Myeloperoxidase is positive in Myocarditis is most commonly caused by Myopia N-acetyl cysteine (Increase level of glutathione) NADPH is essential for NADPH is produced by the NAGMA. Are( pneumonia Name of fracture of distal radius that produces 'dinner fork' appearance Name of fracture of distal radius that produces “dinner fork” appearance Name the drug used in treatment of ML Name the tapeworm causing VITAMIN B12 deficiency Nasopharyngeal carcinoma is caused by Necessary nutrient for protein-rich diet Necrosis in myocardial infarction is Necrosis will have deposition of Ca++ Needle biopsy Negative Befriending Crystal present in Negri bodies are most often found in Negri-bodies are associated with neisseria meningitidus Nephrogenic diabetes insipidus. The causes Nerve affected by cubital tunnel syndrome Nerve affected with fracture of head and neck of fibula Nerve affected with tarsal tunnel syndrome Nerve compressed with carpal tunnel syndrome Nerve damage in Thyroidectomy Nerve damaged in Abdominal surgery Nerve damaged in Herniated disc, posterior hip dislocation, piriformis syndrome Nerve damaged in Laparoscopic surgery Nerve damaged in Pelvic fracture, compression from retroperitoneal hematoma or psoas abscess Nerve damaged in Pelvic surgery Nerve injured in Anterior dislocation of humerus Nerve injured in anterior dislocation of shoulder joint Nerve injured in Compression of nerve against hamate as the wrist rests on handlebar during cycling Nerve injured in Fibular neck fracture Nerve injured in Fracture of medial epicondyle of humerus (proximal lesion) Nerve injured in fracture of Mid-shaft of humerus Nerve injured in fracture of neck of fibula Nerve injured in fracture of surgical neck of humerus Nerve injured in Fractured hook of hamate (distal lesion) from fall on outstretched hand Nerve injured in Posterior hip dislocation Nerve injured in Supracondylar fracture of humerus Nerve injured in Trauma or compression of lateral aspect of leg Nerve injured in Upper trunk compression Nerve injured in wrist drop Nerve injured.** **Vessel involved Nerve injury that causes hoarseness following thyroid surgery Nerve is closely related shoulder joint capsule Nerve passes through cavernous sinus Nerve supply Nerves damaged during Laparoscopic herniorrhaphy Nerves damaged during open abdominal surgery/open hernia repair Nerves damaged during Submandibular gland surgery Nerves damaged during thyroidectomy Nerves injured** **Muscles involved NESTROFT is used as au screening test In Neural tube defect such as spina bifida occulta is due to deficiency of Neural tube defects are caused by deficiency of Neural tube defects like spina bifida occulta caused by Neuropathy/ Neuropathic pain/ Neuralgia = DRUGS preferred New + old cases at a specific time point New + old cases during entire study duration Newborn with jaundice, cataracts, and reducing sugar in urine likely has a deficiency in Night blindness, delayed growth and development cause No hyperammonemia but rherealoblastic anemia, enzyme defect NO is synthesized by No skin pigmentation seen in No sulfate group No uronic acid Nodes. Nominal data Non-caseating granuloma is seen in Non-enzymatic fat necrosis Non-fluent aphasia with intact comprehension lesion in Normal distribution curve Normal ejection fraction is Normal platelet counts and-prolonged Bleeding Time (BT) are the findings in Normal portal vein pressure Normal skin microbe that contaminates blood cultures Northern blot detects Not covalently linked to protein NOTE NPH insulin NS and testicle involvement? Which malignancy Nucleated + target cells on peripheral smear seen in Nucleotide absent in RNA Nucleus of hypothalamus which synthesized ADH is Nucleus pulposus is derived from Nucleus pulposus is made of Number of chiral carbons in glucose is Numerous auer rod cells are seen in Nutmeg liver is seen in Occupational lung disease increases the r/f for pulmonary TB Occupational lung disease will have Ferruginous bodies Oesophageal (muscular) opening is present at vertebral level Oil drop cataract in galactosemia is caused by Oligodendrocytes are involved in Oligodendrocytes is derived from Omega-3 fatty acid Omega-3 fatty acids are considered Omega-3 fatty acids reduce the risk of On peripheral smear nucleated + target cells is seen in Onion skin appearance in bone Oniv leukemia wlth thrombocytosis Only congenital direct hernia is Only fat-soluble vitamin that acts as a coenzyme is Only metabolic fuel for mature erythrocytes in fed state and starving state is Only non-protein member of the ETC is Only thyroid malignancy that wvill locally metastasis Only water-soluble vitamin that can be stored in the body is Ophthalmoplegia, ophthalmic and maxillary sensory loss is the features of Orbital cellulitis Ordinal data Organ of corti is present In Organelle combining protein with carbohydrates Organelle with microtubules Organism causing acute gastroenteritis (vomiting and diarrhea) in > 16 hours Organism causing acute gastroenteritis (vomiting and diarrhea) within 6 hours of food intake is Organism causing acute gastroenteritis (vomiting and diarrhea) within 8-16 hours Organo vasculosum Lamina terminals(osmoreceptors) Origin of peroxisomes Ormone causing hepatic protein anabolism and extrahepatic protein catabollsm Oropharyngeal carcinoma is caused by Orphan Annie nuclel seen In Osmotic fragility is increased in Otitis externa (swimmer's ear) is caused by Oval cells are seen in Ovarian cancer Ovarian dysgerminoma Over- expression of BCL-2 proteins occurs in Overall, most common vessel affected in aneurysm Oxytocin Oxytocin given to female but she is not responding to it. This is likely due to Oxytocin is given to patient in labour but does not respond to it. The most likely it is due to Paclitaxel hyper stabilize polymerized microtubules in which phase Pain from tips and lips is carried by Pain in calf for 2 years, first able to walk 360 yards, now only 50 yards Pain in right hand while writing, firm subcutaneous nodules on posterior aspect of wrist Painless lymphadenopathy occur almost in all leukemia except Painless, firm, midline neck mass that elevates with swallowing and tongue protrusion Painter index point is caused by injury to Palmar Arches: Pancreatic adenocarcinoma Pancreatitis is the side effect of Pancytopenia with cellular marrow is seen in Pannus Papillary carcinoma of thyroid Para follicular cell of thyroid (C cells) secrete Para-follicular cell (C-cells) of thyroid Para-follicular cell is derivative of neural crest cell from Paraneoplastic syndrom e associated with Hodgkin's disease is the Parathyroid tumor, pituitary tumor, pancreatic endocrine tumor is seen In Parotid tumors Parts of brain which control motor activities Passive immunization of gas gangrene Pasteurization temperature Pathogenesis of Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy Pathologic bowlegs, bead-like rachitic rosary (costochondral junctions), craniotabes (soft skull) in children seen in Pathways that do not synthesize ATP Include Patient asked to stand on his right foot, his left hip drops (Trendelenburg sign/gait) Patient can't stand on tip of toes, nerve damaged is Patient cannot chew, muscle involved Patient is unable to close lips, muscle involved Patient is unable to closes mouth, muscle involved Patient is unable to open mouth, muscle involved Patient on heparin what we have to follow Patient on vegetable diet deficiency Patient on warfarin what will be his follow up Patient with bone pain, normal Ca, increase alkaline phosphatase. Most likely Patient with decrease sensation in perineum and genital area; develop fecal and/or urinary incontinence Patient with Increase thirst and changed behavior urine osmolarity. decrease there is a lesion of Patient with increased bleeding time, cause Patient with prolonged aPTT and BT Patient with prolonged aPTT and normal BT Patient with prolonged aPTT, PT, CT, BT and low platelets Patient with prolonged PT and aPTT Patient with prolonged PT and BT Patients with anemia and thrombocytopenia, with labs increased PT, increased APTT, increased BT, and increased FDP PCOD Pearson syndrome is characterized by Pellagra (diarrhea, dementia, dermatitis) is caused by Pellagra symptoms deficiency Pelvis in males Pelvis is females Pemphigus vulgaris blister location Peptic ulcer perforation Perforation of lesser curvature Bleed by Perforation of posterior wall of duodenum Bleed by Perforation of posterior wall of stomach Bleed by Pericardiocentesis is best achieved by passing a needle through Periodic acid Schiff stain shows block positivity in Peripheral blood smear Peripheral blood smear finding in CLL Peripheral blood smear in hereditary Spherocytosis Peripheral polyneuropathy, cerebellar ataxia, retinitis pigmentosa, ichthyosis Peripheral smear with increased neutrophils, basophils, eosinophils, and platelets is highly suggestive of Permanent dilation of tracheobronchial tree before terminal bronchioles is Permanent dilation of tracheobronchial tree beyond terminal bronchioles is Pernicious anemia Person can't jump/climb stairs or can't rise from seated position due to injury Person living on river sides for 2 years with blindness; causative larva Peutz-Jegher's Syndrome is also characterized by Phagocytic scavenger cells of CNS Phases of Starvation Phenylketonuria is caused by a deficiency in Pheochromocytoma occurs in Piecemeal necrosis on liver biopsy is characteristic of Pigments of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Pinpoint pupils are seen in Plasma cells Plasmin is responsible for degradation of Plasmodium species that cause relapse Platelet is small cytoplasmic fragments which is derived from Platelet transfusion is contraindicated in Platelets Pleiotropy refers to Pneumonia + chocolate color sputum is due to Pneumonia + Foul smell sputum is due to Pneumonia + green sputum is due to PNH PNH is Point-mutation of L-Glutamic acid with Valine is seen in Poisons that inhibit Ferrochelatase + ALA dehydratase is Polyol pathway in diabetes Pompe's disease enzyme defect Pontine Hemorrhage Poor prognostic factors for ALL are Popcorn cells is seen In Population Doubling Time (PDT) of Pakistan Portal hypertension Position of appendix Positive Nikolsky sign in Post viral infection, Increase ESR, _very tender thyroid think of Post-menopausal findings are Post-partum bleeding/PPH leads to which syndrome Posterior pituitary involved in labor via Posterior pituitary is responsible for the secretion of Posterior urethral valve Posterior vermis destruction cause Potent inhibitor of insulin release PR interval Pre term labour Precursor fatty acid of the omega-3 category is Precursor fatty acid of the omega-6 category is Precursor of amino sugar Precursor of N-acetyl neuraminic acid (NANA) Precursor of steroid hormones Pregnancy is detected in serum β-hCG level Pregnancy is detected in urine β-hCG level on day Preload determine by Prenatal chromosomal abnormality can be detected at Presbyopia Presence of normal pancreatic tissue in gastric mucosa Presence of small sized platelets on the peripheral smear is characteristic of Presentation of choledocholithiasis Presents as an anterior midline neck mass that moves with swallowing or protrusion of the tongue Primary cause of Cushing syndrome Primary hemochromatosis also known as Primary NADPH source Primary open-angle glaucoma Primase activity in eukaryotes is Primase activity in prokaryotes is Principal carbohydrate metabolism pathway Principal gluconeogenic amino acid Principal product of carbohydrate digestion is Procedure of choice for Appendicitis Procedure of choice for Cholelithiasis Procollagen peptidase Product recycled in the urea cycle after urea is made is Profession at Risk in asbestosis Profession at Risk in silicosis Progesterone Progesterone containing pills what is he mode of contraception Prolactin Prolactin secretion from anterior pituitary is tonically inhibited by Proliferation of breast alveoli and-lobules is mediated by which hormone Proliferation of lactiferous ducts and fat deposition in breast due to Prolong use of corticosteroids causes Prolonged secretin of cortisol is due to Propylthiouracil inhibit Prostate cancer Protein intake requires Prothrombin time (PT) is increased in Prothrombin time (PT) shows Protozoa causing eosinophilia Psammoma bodies (Orphan Annie eyes) is seen in Psammoma bodies seen in which lung disease Pseudo-Pelger-Huët cells are seen in Pseudomembranous colitis Psoriasis Psoriatic arthritis PTH initially increase activity of Pulmonary Artery pressure increases in Pulmonary embolism Pulmonary nocardiosis Pulmonary symptoms caused by which parasitic disease Pulsus paradoxus are seen in Pupillary light reflex center Purine metabolism end product in mammals Putrification Pyogenic liver abscess Pyrexia of unknown origin in B12 deficiency is caused by QRS complex shows QT interval Raccoon eyes (periorbital ecchymosis) Radial artery: Radial nerve Radial nerve can be compressed against the operating table (medial aspect of the arm) during an operation Radical duct excision Radiological sign of Acute laryngo-tracheobronchitis (Croup) Radiological sign of Brain abscess Radiological sign of Epidural (Extra dural) hematoma Radiological sign of Epiglottitis Radiological sign of Ewing's sarcoma Radiological sign of Hydatidiform mole Radiological sign of Oesophageal spasm Radiological sign of Osteosarcoma Radiological sign of Sigmoid volvulus Radiological sign of Subdural hematoma Radiological sign of Tetralogy of Fallot Radiological sign of Thalassemia major Radiotherapy is best in Radius Rapid confirmatory diagnostic test (gold standard) Rapid detection but low sensitivity Rapid diagnostic test with high specificity and sensitivity Rapid side effect of spinal anesthesia Rate limiting enzyme of BILE ACID SYNTHESIS Rate limiting enzyme of CATECHOLAMINE SYNTHESIS Rate limiting enzyme of CHOLESTEROL SYNTHESIS Rate limiting enzyme of De Novo Purine Synthesis Rate limiting enzyme of De Novo Pyrimidine Rate limiting enzyme of Fatty Acid Oxidation Rate limiting enzyme of FATTY ACID SYNTHESIS Rate limiting enzyme of GLUCONEOGENESIS Rate limiting enzyme of GLYCOGEN SYNTHESIS Rate limiting enzyme of GLYCOGENOLYSIS Rate limiting enzyme of GLYCOLYSIS Rate limiting enzyme of HEME Synthesis Rate limiting enzyme of HMP SHUNT Rate limiting enzyme of KETONE BODY SYNTHESIS Rate limiting enzyme of TCA cycle Rate limiting enzyme of UREA SYNTHESIS Rate-limiting enzyme in heme breakdown is Rathke pouch develop from RBC RBCs, anaerobic glycolysis always produces Reactivation of T,B and candidiasis due to blocks IL-2 production is the cause of Receptor type present in Glabrous (hairless) skin Receptors for flexor (withdrawal) reflex Recurrent fracture of bone on fall Red Red color in Benedict's test Red colour of the bruise is due to Red velvety appearance of stomach mucosa is typically seen in Reed stern Berg cells are which Reed Sternberg cells are found in Reed-Sternberg cells is the characteristic of Reference method for glucose estimation is Referred abdominal pain to inferior angle of right scapula blades, Think of Referred abdominal pains to Back (tearing pain), Think of Referred abdominal pains to Periumbilical to right iliac fossa, Think of Referred abdominal/epigastrium pains to Groin, Think of Referred abdominal/epigastrium pains to the left arm, jaw, neck and shoulder blades, Think of Referred abdominal/epigastrium to Back, Think of Refsum disease enzyme deficiency Regular insulin Rejection occurs within minutes of transplantation is called Renal cell carcinoma Renal osteodystrophy, skeletal abnormality is seen in Renal stone Renal tuberculosis Renovascular hypertension and juxtaglomerular cell tumors is associated with Repeated/Multiple blood Transfusions causes Repetitive pronation/supination of forearm, e.g., due to screwdriver use ('finger drop') Response to iron in iron deficiency anemia is denoted by Resting membrane potential of heart is more dependent on Resting tremors is seen in Resting tremors lesion in Retinal Detachment Retinitis pigmentosa Rich source of Vitamin B2 Richest in triglycerides Rifaxamin>>>neomycin; Fluids Right adrenal vein drain in Right facial nerve palsy Right sided valvular disease is due to Rigor-Mortis Ring sideroblasts are characteristically seen in Ringed sideroblasts are seen in Ringed sideroblasts is seen in bone marrow with special staining in Risk from no vegetables Risk from strict vegetarian diet Ristocetin cofactor assay Robertsonian translocation typically involves chromosome pairs Rodent ulcer Root value injury to C5-C6 will result/cause Rotterdam criteria Rout of administration of Snake venom of snake anti-venom vaccine is Russell bodies are seen in Rusty color sputum Rusty-coloured sputum SA Node Sample taken for Treponema pallidum infection detection Satiety center is located in ventro-medial part of Saturday night palsy is caused by which nerve injury Scabies symptoms Scabies treatment Schwartz operation is called Schwartz sign is seen in Sciatic (L4-S3) splits into Screening of prostate CA Screening test for G6PD deficiency anemia Screening test for gigantism and acromegaly Screening test for hemochromatosis is iron studies Seborrheic dermatitis Second heart sound (S2) is produced during Second messengers are produced from Second most common Ehlers-Danlos syndrome is Second most common human enzyme deficiency is Second most common presentation in endometriosis Second most common type of cardiomyopathy Secretory hormones from neurohypophysis are stored in Seen in Parkinsonism Sefton cells act through Semi-essential amino acid Seminoma Sensitivity Sensory spinal ganglia have which neurons Sepsis, trauma,obstetric complication, malignancy is the major causes of Serous nipple discharge is seen in Serratus anterior is supplied by which nerve and what is its root value Sertoli cell Sertoli cells also secrete inhibin, which is involved in negative feedback of Sertoli cells produce Serum heptoglobin decreases (intra-vascular hemolysis) in Serum marker for liver damage Serum retinol (Vitamin-A) level Serum retinol level decreases in Setons placement is used in Severe anemia, neutropenia and thrombocytopenia is the features of Severe fasting hypoglycemia with glycogen-laden hepatocytes Severe headache of life, vomiting and CSF blood tinged Severe starvation energy source Severe thiamine deficiency is associated with decreased RBC transketolase activity due to Severe-fetal hypothyroidism due to antibody-mediated maternal hypothyroidism Is known as Sex hormones willincrease in Shift of mediastinum towards disease side Shiga toxin causes Shigella associated hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) is associated with Shigella dysentery effects are due to Shivering center is located in Short term BP control by Short term memories are stored in Shortest pre-erythrocytic phase Shortness of breath (SOB), diaphoresis, and chest pain, raised troponin Sickle cell disease is protective against which disease Sickle cell trait is protective against Side effect of Acyclovir Side effect of Amantadine Side effect of aminoglycosides Side effect of Amiodarone Side effect of Amlodipine Side effect of Amphotericin-B Side effect of Ampicillin Side effect of anti-tubercular therapy (ATT) Side effect of Atropine Side effect of Bleomycin, Busulfan Side effect of Carbamazepine Side effect of Ceftriaxone and Cefoperazone Side effect of Chloramphenicol Side effect of Cimetidine Side effect of Clindamycin/Ampicillin Side effect of Clozapine Side effect of Cyclophosphamide/Ifosfamide Side effect of Daunorubicin/Doxorubicin Side effect of Demeclocycline Side effect of Didanosine Side effect of Enalapril/Captopril (ACE inhibitors) Side effect of Ethambutol Side effect of fluoroquinolones (Ciprofloxacin) Side effect of Haloperidol/Metoclopramide Side effect of Heparin Side effect of Hydrochlorothiazide (thiazide) Side effect of IFN alpha Side effect of IFN alpha and IFN beta Side effect of Insulin Side effect of Isoniazid Side effect of Lamotrigine Side effect of Lidocaine/Lignocaine Side effect of Lithium Side effect of Metformin Side effect of Methicillin Side effect of Methotrexate Side effect of Nafcillin Side effect of Nifedipine Side effect of Oxacillin Side effect of Phenytoin Side effect of Procainamide Side effect of Pyrazinamide Side effect of Quinidine/Quinine Side effect of Rifampicin Side effect of Spironolactone (loop diuretics) Side effect of statins (Simvastatin, Atorvastatin) Side effect of TCAs (Nortriptyline) Side effect of Tetracycline (Doxycycline) Side effect of Thalidomide (Methimazole, Carbimazole) Side effect of Trazodone Side effect of Vancomycin Side effect of Vincristine Side effect of Zidovudine Side effects of cisplatin and Carboplatin Side-effect of Biguanide (Metformin) is Sideroblastic anemia is Sign of reversible injury in a case of alcoholic liver disease is Signaling pathway. of insulin Significance of Zinc fingers Silicosis Single gene expression analysis is done by Single mutation is detected by Sinus tract Sistrunk operation is done in Sites of the HMP pathway Include Size of splenomegaly indicates prognosis in Skeletal muscles survive anoxia due to Skin candidiasis Skin lesion associated with ulcerative colitis Slow pain fibers are carried by Slowest conducting fibers in heart Small cell lung carcinoma is Smudge cell on lymph-node biopsy is seen in Smudge cells (Gumprecht shadows) Snake venom of Elapids (cobra, kraits, corals) Snake venom of Sea-Snake Snake venom of Vipers (pit, non-pit) Snowflake cataract in diabetes is caused by Soldier coming from high altitude, cyanosed toes Solitary thyroid nodules (STN) Somatostatin act on beta cells by Somatostatin inhibit anterior-pituitary which hormone Somatot oph' Somatotrophic adenora after puberty will result increase GH Sore throat/pharyngitis + bull's neck; Gram-positive rods with metachromatic granules and positive Elek test for toxin Sources of Vitamin B12 Southern blot detects SPECIAL FEATURES OF INFECTIVE ENDOCARDITIS Specific feature of apoptosis Specific features of hemophilias Specific test of Rheumatoid Arthritis Specific treatment of Pneumothorax Specificity Spermatogenesis is stimulated by Sphenoethmoidal recess open in Spheroid shape of cell is due to lack of spectrin in Sphingolipidosis without a cherry red spot on the macula includes Sphingomyelin accumulation in phagocytic cells is a feature of Spike and dome pattern on EEG is seen in Splenectomy is most useful in Splenic infarction crommonly occurs in Sporozoites divide in the liver as Spur cell anema is seen in Squamous-cell carcinoma of bladder is caused by ST segment Standard test for diagnosing pregnancy Starry sky appearance (Bulls eyes) is seen in Starry sky appearance is seen in Steady pressure is detected by Steroid receptor are present in Steroids are contraindicated in Stimulus for oxytocin release Stony dull percussion note + shift of mediastinum towards normal side Strawberry vagina is seen in Strong antioxidant property Structure always at risk during Parotidectomy Structure carry risk failure to delineate calots triangle carefully and careless use of diathermy Structure carry risk of damage due to use of verres needle to establish pneumoperitoneum Structure carry risk of damage during colonic resections/Gynaecological surgery Structure carry risk of damage during difficult thyroid surgery Structure carry risk of damage during liver mobilisation Structure carry risk of damage during re-do open hernia surgery Structure carry risk of damage during thoracic surgery e.g. Pneumonectomy, oesophagectomy Structure compresses due to CA of head of pancreas Structure compresses due to Large Tumor in the posterior mediastinum Structure damage when ligating splenic hilum Structure damaged during dissection in ovarian fossa Structure that form floor of inguinal canal Structure that forms deep inguinal ring Structure that lies between protrusion sites of direct and indirect hernias Structures passing through Aortic (osseoaponeurotic) opening Structures passing through Oesophageal (muscular) opening Structures passing through Vena caval (tendinous) opening Sub-arachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) Sub-dural hematoma Subarachnoid hemorrhage is due to rupture of Subarachnoid space extends to Subclavian artery (SCA): Sublaxation of MCP, extension of PIP Substrate accumulating in porphyria cutanea tarda Substrate used by RBCs in fed, fasting, or starvation states is Substrate used by RBCs in the fasting state is Substrate-level phosphorylation step in TCA is Substrate-level phosphorylation steps in glycolysis are Sudden cardiac death (particularly during or after intense physical activity) Sugar alcohols Sulfur-containing amino acid Sun-ray appearance is on x-ray is seen in Superficial palmar arches: Superficial veins: Superior meatus open in Supporting cell of par nervosa is Supraspinatous, infraspinatous, Teres minor, subscapularis are Surfactant production is start in fetus at Surfactants is secreted by Surgery for Hirschsprung disease Surgery for procedure for Undescended testes (cryptorchidism) Surgery helps in obstructive sleep apnea Surgical procedure for Achalasia cardia Surgical procedure for Annular pancreas is Surgical procedure for Carcinoid of the appendix Surgical procedure for Choledochal cyst Surgical procedure for Cleft palate repair Surgical procedure for Duodenal atresia Surgical procedure for elective removal of CBD stones is Surgical procedure for Hemorrhoids Surgical procedure for Inguinal hernia Surgical procedure for Pancreatic head and Periampullary cancer Surgical procedure for Rectal prolapse Surgical site infection Suture removal duration for Back, Extremities, Hand and foot/sole is Suture removal duration for chest and abdomen suture is Suture removal duration for ear suture is Suture removal duration for Eyelid, eyebrow, nose, lip and face is Suture removal duration for scalp suture is Syncope Synthesis Syphilis T(11;14) associated with which lymphoma Tactile two-point discrimination is carried by Tall man with 'normal seminal fluid secretion but azoospermia defect is in Tay-Sachs disease is due to the accumulation of Tea colored urine is seen in which c ondition Telomerase activity decreases with TEN/SJS Tendon xanthomas are due to increased Terminal bronchiole epithelium is Test is used for monitoring of diabetes mellitus Test of choice for hereditary Spherocytosis Testicular cancer Testicular germ-cell tumors Testicular torsion Testosterone Is secreted by Tests used to monitor the Extrinsic pathway Tests used to monitor the Intrinsic pathway Thalassemia i associated ith Thalassemia, there is Thiamin (vitamin B1) Thiamine and Pyridoxine are coenzymes for Thiamine deficiency lead to Thiamine level is monitored by Think of Hemophilia-C Thionamide drug which is teratogenic Third heart sound (S3) is produced during Thoracic duct open into Thoracic lymph contains Thoracic outlet syndrome Thorn prick followed by abscess formation — most likely organism Threatened abortion Throat infection causes Ear infection through Thrombocytopenia is not seen in Thrombolytic toxicity is treated with Thrombotic thrombocytopenia purpura (TTP) Thrombotic thrombocytopenia purpura (TTP) is Thymidylate synthase _irreversible inhibited by Thyroid binding capacity in pregnancy Thyroid diverticulum _arises from floor of Thyroid follicular cells are derived from Thyroid gland is enclosed by Thyroid lymphoma Thyroid malignancy in whichthere is risk of amyloidosis Thyroid Ophthalmopathy is seen in Thyroid ormones increase Basal metabolic rate via Thyroid replaced by fibrous tissue with inflammatory infiltrate Thyroid status Thyroiditis with granulomatous inflammation Tip of the iceberg To assess in patients with prolonged or chronic liver disease which test is to be done Toxin of diphtheria TPR determine by Trachea start at the level of Tracheostomy Level Adults Tracheostomy Level Children Trachoma Tract connecting an intestine to skin is Trans fatty acids, found in processed foods, can increase the risk of Transcriptionally active DNA Transition epithelium of bladder derived from Transmission of Plasmodium sporozoites via Transudative pleural fluid Transverse ulcer Treatment and prophylaxis of P. malariae, P. ovale or P. vivax Treatment of choice in Fistula in ano TRH stimulate Triage Triceps jerk is by Trichomoniasis Triggers for TTP is Triglyceride in the plasma are hydrolyzed by Trisomy 13 Trisomy 18 Trisomy 21 True health TTP is TTP Peripheral Smear shows Tuberculosis (TB) is caused by Tuberculosis (TB) most commonly effects which organ Tuberous sclerosis TSC1 is associated with chromosome Tumor extend inferiorly and lead to compression of optic chiasm can causes Tumor in children Tumor marker for breast cancer Tumor of pancreatic β cells leading to overproduct. on of insulin Tumor suppressor gene Tumour with multiple discharging sinuses (calcified white granulomas) and yellow sulfur granules Tuning fork is placed on head sensation is perceived by Two organism is responsible for apthalmia in neonates Two signs seen in Hypocalcemia Type 1 Hyperchylomicronemia is caused by a deficiency in Type II Familial hypercholesterolemia is caused by Type III Dysbetalipoproteinemia is caused by a deficiency in Type of lung cancer that can cause formation of cavities in the lungs Type of lung cancer which is associated with hypercalcemia Type of lung cancerthat can cause SIADH Type-2 diabetes mellitus Typhoid fever of 06 days, investigation is of first choice Tyrosine derivative does not Include Tyrosine kinase associated receptor is One pass receptor responsible for Ulceration of payer's patch occur in Ulcerative colitis involvement of terminal ileum Ulna Ulnar nerve is formed by Ulnar nerve: Ulnar nerve(Musician nerve) Unilateral painful red eye + dilated avoid pupil Unilateral painful red eye + dilated blood vessels that are moveable over sclera Unilateral painful red eye + vision loss + preexisting Autoimmune disease history + constricted pupil + Talbot sign +ve Unilateral painful red eye + whitish spots in cornea Unilateral painless loss of vision + cherry red spots in macula Unilateral painless loss of vision + retina can't be seen or there is absence of red reflex Unilateral painless loss of vision + stormy sunset appearance or angry looking retina Unilateral painless red eye + there is no loss of vision, activity + no photophobia + no lacrimation Universal donor Universal fuel for the fetus is Universal recipient blood is Universal/chemical antidote Upoic acid is Upper GI bleeding Upward gaze damage to Urate transporter Urea cycle enzyme deficiency Urea cycle enzyme deficiency increases Urea cycle enzyme deficient in brain Urea cycle enzyme deficient in the brain is Urea cycle enzyme deficient in the kidneys is Urticaria Urticaria/hives/wheals Use of oxytocin in obstetrics is Useful for suspected P. knowlesi infection Uveitis + Arthritis + Conjunctivitis Varicocele Varicose veins Veins of upper limb Vena caval (tendinous) opening is present at vertebral level Ventricle which communicates with the subarachnoid space via three outlet foramina Ventricular systole Vertebra is derived from Vesicoureteric reflux (VUR) Vessel involves bleeding in Duodenal ulcer Vessel involves bleeding in Epistaxis Vessel involves bleeding in Extradural hemorrhage Vessel involves bleeding in Hemoptysis Vessel involves bleeding in Hemorrhoids Vessel involves bleeding in Lesser curvature of stomach Vessel involves bleeding in Posterior wall of stomach Vessel involves bleeding in Retropubic prostatectomy Vessel involves bleeding in Subdural hemorrhage Vessel involves bleeding in Tonsillectomy Vessel involves bleeding in Tracheostomy Vibration and pressure sense by which sensory receptors VIPora is associated with Viral hepatitis most commonly sexually transmitted is Virus which causes burkitt lymphoma Vit-A Vitamin A (Retinol, Retinoid, Carotenoid) Vitamin B1 (Thiamine) Vitamin B12 (Cyanocobalamin, Hydroxycobalamin, Methylcobalamin) Vitamin B12 absorbed in Vitamin B12 deficiency causes Vitamin B12 deficiency commonly seen in Vitamin B12 is stored in the liver for upto Vitamin B12 storage site Vitamin B12-deficiency is seen in Vitamin B2 (Riboflavin) Vitamin B2 (Thiamine) deficiency Vitamin B2 deficiency Vitamin B2 deficiency features Vitamin B3 (Niacin, Niacinamide) Vitamin B3 (Niacin) deficiency Vitamin B3 deficiency features Vitamin B5 (Pantothenic Acid) Vitamin B6 (Pyridoxine, Pyridoxamine, Pyridoxal) Vitamin B6 coenzyme for Vitamin B6 is involved in transamination of Vitamin B7 (Biotin) Vitamin B9 (Folic Acid, Folinic Acid) Vitamin C (Ascorbic Acid) Vitamin C (ascorbic acid) is involved in Vitamin C deficiency results in Vitamin C is cofactor for Vitamin converting homocysteine into methionine Vitamin D (Ergocalciferol (D2), Cholecalciferol (D3)) Vitamin D acts on intestinal mucosa via Vitamin E (Tocopherol, Tocotrienol) Vitamin involved in collagen synthesis Vitamin is given as treatment of which malignancy Vitamin K (Phytomenadione, Phylloquinone, Phytonadione, Menaquinone) Vitamin K function Vitamin most deficient in breast milk is Vitamin prevents squamous cell carcinoma Vitamin required for converting methylmalonyl-CoA to succinyl-CoA Vitamin responsible for purine and pyrimidine biosynthesis Vitamin stored in fats Vitamin supplementation for breastfed infants Vitamin-D deficiency in adults Vitamin-D deficiency in children Vitamin-E is carried to liver in Vitamin-K (antiKagulant) Vitamin-K dependent clotting factor Vitamins for purine and pyrimidine biosynthesis Vitamins involved in methionine metabolism Von Gierke's disease Von Gierke's disease enzyme deficient is VWD is Warfarin toxicity is corrected by Warm ant-body type Warmth sensaticn is carried by Warmth sensation is carried by Wasting of thenar eminence, loss of sensation over thumb and index finger, nerve involved is Water Lilly appearance Weight of the patient is 60kg and height is 170cm.Calculate his BMI. Formula Well differentiated squamous cell carcinoma, histopathologically Wernicke's area is present in Wernicke's encephalopathy Western blot detects What is the common millagnency in down syndrome What is the congenital type of mega colon. Answer What is the most common cardiac abnormality in down syndrome is What is the most common viral cause of pericarditis.Answer What is the most earliest marker of MI which can detect? Answer What is the most earliest marker of MI?Answer What is the Ratio of CPR in adults. Answer What keeps the ductus arteriosis What will be autopsy findings in rabies pt Answer What will be the drug of choice in atrial fibrillation and heart failure e reduce ejection friction.Answer What will be the immediately drug of choice in symptomatic bradycardia/first degree heart. Answer When amniotic fluid is maximum. Answer When insulin When is Beta HCG detected in urine Which analgesic we can give in severe pancreatic Answer Which cells in CNS hinders brain regeneration Which connects Broca's with Wernicke's areas Which form of protozoa is active form Answer Which hormone causes protein fat carbohydrate storage Which hormone is converted into its active form at target tissue with the help of 5 alpha reductase Which hormone is increased during sleep time as compared to wakefulness Which hormone is released in the dark and has anti- gonadotrophic activity Which hormone of the anterior pituitary is under direct inhibitory control of hypothalamus Which hormone stimulates release of FSH and LH Which horrlone s esponsible for hypothalamic pltuitary axis feedback for-ovulation Which hypophyseal structure receives signals from the hypothalamus via the hypophyseal portal vein Which is an Immuno-stimulatory hormone Which leukemia almost never develops after radiation Which ligament supports odontoid process of axis on atlas Which malignancy is called industrial cancer? Answer Which o following thermo genic hormone Which of the following is the immediate effect of Insulin Which organ has Maximum O2 consumption Which organism is transmitted by rabbit Answer Which parasite can cause fever and myalgia Answer Which parasite cause bladder cancer? Answer Which type of bladder cancer cause by parasite.Answer Which type of pneumonia is cause is by measles Answer Whiplash injury is which form of injury White muscle refers as White, soft, cheesy-looking (caseous) necrotic material Whole wheat contains Why the pulmonary vessels are narrow . Answer Wide splitting Widely distributed Widely distributed Glucose transporter Wilson disease (hepatolenticular degeneration) Wilson's disease is characterized by Winging of scapula is due to injury to Winging of Scapula is due to paralysis of Wound contraction is mediated by Wrist bone Wrist drop is caused by injury to Wrist drop may be caused as industrial hazard in X-rays show epiphyseal widening and metaphyseal cupping/fraying in X-rays show osteopenia and “Looser zones” (Pseudofractures) in XDR TB Yellow Yellow colour of the bruise is due to Yield Young couple comes to you for councilling best suggestion Young male with normal external genitals having azoospermia and infertility. Defect is in Zellweger syndrome defect Zinc deficiency leads to Zinc deficiency manifestations Zona Fasciculata secrete 'Glucocorticoids such as Zona Glomerulosa secrete 'Mineralocorticoids' such as Zona Reticularis secrete 'Androgens'
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